When Does Fasting Begin and When Does It End?
متى يبدأ الصيام ومتى ينتهي؟
The fasting person must abstain from all the things that break the fast (eating, drinking and sexual intercourse) from dawn to sunset.
(˹You may˺ eat and drink until you see the light of dawn breaking the darkness of night, then complete the fast until nightfall.) [Al-Baqarah 2:187]
يجب أن يمسك الصائم عن كل المفطرات (الأكل والشرب والجماع) من طلوع الفجر إلى غروب الشمس.
(وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ۖ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ) [البقرة 2: 187]
1. The White Thread and the Black Thread | الخيط الأبيض من الخيط الأسود
Ibn Kathir explains that Allah allowed eating and drinking at any part of the night until the light of morning becomes distinct from the darkness of night, expressing it as the white thread and the black thread, and removing any doubt with the words “of dawn”. Adi ibn Hatim put a white cord and a black cord under his pillow to watch for them; the Prophet told him: Your pillow is wide indeed, if the white thread and the black thread are under your pillow (Sahih al-Bukhari 4509); it is only the darkness of night and the whiteness of day (Sahih al-Bukhari 1916). The times of the day named in the Quran are explained in the times of the day mentioned in the Quran.
وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ (سورة البقرة: 187)
قال تعالى: (وكلوا واشربوا حتى يتبين لكم الخيط الأبيض من الخيط الأسود من الفجر) (البقرة 2: 187)، قال ابن كثير: أباح تعالى الأكل والشرب، مع ما تقدم من إباحة الجماع في أي الليل شاء الصائم إلى أن يتبين ضياء الصباح من سواد الليل، وعبر عن ذلك بالخيط الأبيض من الخيط الأسود، ورفع اللبس بقوله: (من الفجر)، وقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لعدي بن حاتم: "إن وسادك إذا لعريض أن كان الخيط الأبيض والأسود تحت وسادتك" (صحيح البخاري 4509)، وقال: "إنما ذلك سواد الليل وبياض النهار" (صحيح البخاري 1916).
2. The Two Calls to Prayer | حتى يؤذن ابن أم مكتوم
Bilal used to call the adhan while it was still night, so the Prophet said: Eat and drink until Ibn Umm Maktum calls the adhan, for he does not call it until dawn breaks (Sahih al-Bukhari 1918). The fast begins at true dawn, not at an earlier call.
عن عائشة رضي الله عنها: أن بلالا كان يؤذن بليل، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "كلوا واشربوا حتى يؤذن ابن أم مكتوم، فإنه لا يؤذن حتى يطلع الفجر" (صحيح البخاري 1918).
3. When Night Comes, the Fast Ends | فقد أفطر الصائم
Then complete the fast until nightfall (2:187). The Prophet said: When the night comes from here, and the day goes from here, and the sun has set, the fasting person breaks his fast (Sahih al-Bukhari 1954). And he said: People will remain in good as long as they hasten to break the fast (Sahih al-Bukhari 1957).
ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ (سورة البقرة: 187)
قال تعالى: (ثم أتموا الصيام إلى الليل) (البقرة 2: 187)، وقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: "إذا أقبل الليل من ها هنا، وأدبر النهار من ها هنا، وغربت الشمس، فقد أفطر الصائم" (صحيح البخاري 1954)، وقال: "لا يزال الناس بخير ما عجلوا الفطر" (صحيح البخاري 1957).
4. Suhur Is a Blessing | تسحروا فإن في السحور بركة
Ibn Kathir explains that permitting food until dawn shows that suhur, the meal before dawn, is recommended: it is a concession, and taking a concession is loved; the Prophet said: Eat suhur, for in suhur there is blessing (Sahih al-Bukhari 1923). Those excused from the fast are explained in the excuses for breaking the fast.
قال ابن كثير: وفي إباحته تعالى جواز الأكل إلى طلوع الفجر، دليل على استحباب السحور؛ لأنه من باب الرخصة، والأخذ بها محبوب، وقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: "تسحروا فإن في السحور بركة" (صحيح البخاري 1923).
Scholarly Insight: The verse came down as a relief: al-Bara’ relates that at first a fasting man who slept before breaking his fast could not eat until the next evening; Qays ibn Sirmah, after a day’s work, fell asleep waiting for food and fainted at midday the next day, and then the verse came down allowing food and drink until dawn, and the Companions rejoiced greatly (Sahih al-Bukhari 1915). Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Baqarah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
When does the fast begin and when does it end?
From dawn to sunset: eat and drink until you see the light of dawn breaking the darkness of night, then complete the fast until nightfall (2:187).
What must a fasting person abstain from?
Everything that breaks the fast: eating, drinking and intercourse, from dawn until sunset.
What are the white thread and the black thread?
The Prophet said: It is only the darkness of night and the whiteness of day (Sahih al-Bukhari 1916).
Is suhur recommended?
Yes. The Prophet said: Eat suhur, for in suhur there is blessing (Sahih al-Bukhari 1923).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →