When Does Fasting Begin and When Does It End?
متى يبدأ الصيام ومتى ينتهي؟
When does fasting begin and when does it end?
Fasting in Islam is defined by a specific daily timeframe. A Muslim must completely abstain from all nullifiers of the fast, such as eating, drinking, and intimate relations, starting exactly from the break of true dawn until the complete setting of the sun.
The fast is bound by distinct times during the day, marking when to abstain and when it is permissible to break the fast.
When exactly must a person stop eating to begin their fast?
A person must stop eating and drinking the moment the true dawn (Fajr) breaks. This is visually described in the Quran as the white thread of dawn becoming distinct from the black thread of night.
When is it permissible to break the fast?
The fast ends, and it becomes permissible to eat and drink again, immediately upon the complete setting of the sun, which marks the beginning of the night (Maghrib).
What are the main things a fasting person must abstain from during these hours?
From dawn to sunset, the fasting person must completely abstain from eating, drinking, and intimate sexual relations with their spouse.
The Boundaries of the Daily Fast
1. Abstaining from Nullifiers
The fasting person must abstain from all the things that break the fast (eating, drinking and sexual intercourse) from dawn to sunset. (This timeframe is strictly tied to astronomical phenomena, specifically the true dawn and the complete disappearance of the sun's disk below the horizon. The Prophet ﷺ said: "When the night approaches from this side and the day retreats from that side and the sun sets, then the fasting person breaks his fast." Sahih Al-Bukhari 1954)
2. The Quranic Command
(˹You may˺ eat and drink until you see the light of dawn breaking the darkness of night, then complete the fast until nightfall.) Al-Baqara 2: 187. (This divine verse clearly sets the boundaries, demonstrating the mercy of Allah in making the fast manageable by defining a clear beginning and end to the daily worship).
Scholarly Insight: In Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh), the precise timing of the fast is a critical condition for its validity. The "white thread" mentioned in the Quran refers to the true dawn (Fajr Sadiq), which is the horizontal spread of light across the horizon, not the false dawn (Fajr Kadhib) which is a vertical column of light. Furthermore, scholars emphasize that the intention (Niyyah) to perform the obligatory fast of Ramadan must be established in the heart before this true dawn occurs. Breaking the fast should be done promptly once the sun has completely set, as the Prophet ﷺ heavily encouraged hastening the breaking of the fast to maintain the physical well-being of the fasting person and to distinguish Islamic practice from the practices of previous nations.
متى يبدأ الصيام ومتى ينتهي؟
يُعرّف الصيام في الإسلام بإطار زمني يومي محدد. يجب على المسلم الامتناع تماماً عن جميع المفطرات، كالأكل والشرب والعلاقة الزوجية، بدءاً من طلوع الفجر الصادق وحتى غروب الشمس بالكامل.
يرتبط الصيام بأوقات مميزة خلال اليوم، تحدد متى يجب الإمساك ومتى يُسمح بالإفطار.
حدود الصيام اليومي
1. الإمساك عن المفطرات
يجب أن يمسك الصائم عن كل المفطرات ( الأكل والشرب والجماع) من طلوع الفجر إلى غروب الشمس. (وهذا الإطار الزمني مرتبط بدقة بالظواهر الفلكية، وتحديداً الفجر الصادق والاختفاء الكامل لقرص الشمس تحت الأفق. قال النبي ﷺ: "إذا أقبل الليل من ها هنا، وأدبر النهار من ها هنا، وغربت الشمس، فقد أفطر الصائم" صحيح البخاري 1954)
2. الأمر القرآني
(وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ۖ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ )البقرة 2: 187. (تضع هذه الآية الكريمة الحدود بوضوح، مما يدل على رحمة الله في تيسير فريضة الصيام على عباده من خلال تحديد بداية ونهاية واضحة للعبادة اليومية).
1. The Decisive Quranic Boundary of the Fast | الميقات القرآني المحكم لبداية الصوم ونهايته
The Noble Quran explicitly delineates the precise chronological span of fasting: "And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread of night. Then complete the fast until the night" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:187). This boundary is universally applied across all time zones. How the Prophet explained the white and black threads, and the other times of day the Quran names, is covered in the parts of daytime mentioned in the Quran.
وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ (سورة البقرة: 187)
حدد القرآن الكريم التوقيت اليومي للصيام بدقة متناهية لا لبس فيها: {وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ۖ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ}، فمنع الأكل والشهوات نهارا وأباحها ليلا رحمة وتيسيرا.
2. The Start: True Dawn (Al-Fajr As-Sadiq) | بدء الصوم مع الفجر الصادق لا الكاذب
Islamic astronomy distinguishes between two dawns: the false dawn (a vertical zodiacal beam followed by darkness) and the true dawn (a horizontal white band spreading across the eastern horizon). Abstinence becomes mandatory the moment the true dawn breaks, as signaled by a Fajr Adhan made at true dawn; an early call does not itself begin the fast.
فَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يُؤَذِّنَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ (صحيح البخاري 1919)
بين النبي ﷺ الفرق بين فجرين: الفجر الكاذب المستطيل في السماء الذي لا يحل صلاة ولا يحرم طعاما، والفجر الصادق المستطير المعترض في الأفق شرقا؛ فمع طلوع هذا النور الأبيض الصادق يمسك المسلم عن جميع المفطرات معلنا بدء يوم الصيام.
3. The Conclusion: Complete Sunset at Maghrib | نهاية الصوم بغروب قرص الشمس تماما
The fast concludes the exact instant the entire disk of the sun dips beneath the western horizon. Believers do not wait for complete darkness or the appearance of stars; sunset alone marks the arrival of the night mentioned in the verse and the time of the Maghrib prayer.
إِذَا أَقْبَلَ اللَّيْلُ... وَغَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَدْ أَفْطَرَ الصَّائِمُ (صحيح البخاري 1954، وصحيح مسلم 1100)
ينتهي الصيام بمجرد تواري كامل قرص الشمس وراء الأفق الغربي؛ وحينها يحل الفطر فورا بدخول أول الليل، ولا يشترط اشتداد الظلمة أو رؤية النجوم؛ بل إن تعجيل الفطر بمجرد الغروب هو السنة النبوية الثابتة التي تحافظ على نقاء الشريعة.
4. Sunnah Etiquette: Suhur and Hastening Iftar | هدي السحور والمبادرة إلى تعجيل الفطر
The Prophet emphasized two blessed practices: delaying the pre-dawn meal (Suhur) until shortly before dawn to sustain physical vitality, and hastening the break of fast (Iftar) promptly upon sunset with dates or water, refraining from self-imposed delays.
لاَ يَزَالُ النَّاسُ بِخَيْرٍ مَا عَجَّلُوا الْفِطْرَ (صحيح البخاري 1957، وصحيح مسلم 1098)
من كمال الهدي النبوي في ميقات الصوم: تأخير وجبة السحور إلى قبيل الفجر لما فيها من البركة والقوة، والمسارعة إلى تعجيل الإفطار عند تحقق غروب الشمس ودخول وقت المغرب، سواء سمع الأذان أم لم يسمعه برطب أو تمر أو ماء، لقوله ﷺ: "لا يزال الناس بخير ما عجلوا الفطر" (صحيح البخاري 1957، وصحيح مسلم 1098).
Scholarly Insight: The daily boundaries of fasting anchor the human soul in rhythmic cosmic synchrony with planetary light, celebrating both discipline at dawn and relief at dusk. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Baqarah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What marks the exact start of daily fasting?
The onset of true dawn (Al-Fajr As-Sadiq), indicated by the horizontal white light spreading across the eastern horizon.
What marks the exact conclusion of daily fasting?
The complete disappearance of the solar disk beneath the western horizon (sunset/Maghrib).
Does a fasting person need to wait for stars to appear before eating?
No, waiting for complete darkness or stars is contrary to the Sunnah; one should hasten to break the fast as soon as the sun sets.
What is the virtue of the pre-dawn meal (Suhur)?
The Prophet emphasized that there is immense blessing and physical support in taking Suhur, recommending it be delayed until near dawn (Sahih Al-Bukhari 1923 and 1921).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →