What Is the Ruling on Intercourse During the Day in Ramadan or During a Day of Fasting?
ما حكم الجماع في نهار رمضان أو في نهار الصيام؟
What is the ruling on having intercourse during the day in Ramadan or during the day of fasting?
Having intercourse during the day of Ramadan is strictly prohibited and breaks the fast, requiring both repentance and a severe expiation (Kaffarah). However, intimacy is completely permissible during the nights of Ramadan, except for those observing spiritual retreat (I'tikaf) in the mosque.
The boundaries of intimacy during the month of Ramadan are clearly defined to protect the sanctity of the fast while accommodating human nature.
Does having intercourse during the day of Ramadan break the fast?
Yes, it is strictly forbidden and immediately breaks the fast for someone who is obligated to fast. It also requires a major expiation (Kaffarah) to atone for the violation.
Is intimacy allowed during the nights of Ramadan?
Yes, once the fast is broken after sunset, intimacy between spouses is completely permissible and lawful until the dawn of the next day.
Can a person performing I'tikaf have intimate relations at night?
No. A person in a state of I'tikaf (spiritual retreat in the mosque) is not permitted to have intimate relations even during the night, as they are in a state completely dedicated to worship and seclusion.
Rulings on Intimacy During Ramadan
1. Prohibition During the Day
If the fasting of Ramadan is obligatory for the person, then it is forbidden for him to have intercourse during the day in Ramadan. (This is a major violation that breaks the fast. The Prophet ﷺ mandated a heavy expiation [Kaffarah] for this act, which involves freeing a slave; if unable, fasting two consecutive months; if unable, feeding sixty poor people, as recorded in Sahih Al-Bukhari 1936).
2. Permissibility at Night
If he breaks his fast after sunset, it is permissible for him to have intercourse. (This highlights the balance and mercy in Islamic law, ensuring that natural human needs are met during the lawful hours of the night).
3. The Exception for I'tikaf
Except for the one who is in i'tikaf in the masjid; it is not permissible for him to have intercourse even during the night of Ramadan. (I'tikaf is a dedicated spiritual retreat. Leaving this state of devotion for physical intimacy contradicts the purpose of isolating oneself for the worship of Allah).
4. The Quranic Evidence
(It has been made permissible for you to be intimate with your wives during the nights preceding the fast. Your spouses are a garment for you as you are for them. Allah knows that you were deceiving yourselves. So He has accepted your repentance and pardoned you. So now you may be intimate with them and seek what Allah has prescribed for you) Al-Baqara 2: 187
Scholarly Insight: In Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh), according to the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools, intentional intercourse during the fasting hours of Ramadan is the only nullifier that requires the major expiation (Kaffarah Mughalladhah), while the Hanafis and Malikis also require it for deliberate eating or drinking. The sequence of this Kaffarah is ordered based on physical and financial capability: emancipation of a slave, then fasting two consecutive lunar months, and only if physically incapable of the fast, feeding sixty poor people. Furthermore, the beautiful Quranic metaphor of spouses being a "garment" for one another indicates closeness, protection, and mutual comfort, reinforcing that intimacy is pure, blessed, and rewarded when engaged in during the lawful boundaries and times set by Allah.
ما حكم الجماع في نهار رمضان أو في نهار الصيام؟
الجماع في نهار رمضان محرم شرعاً ويفسد الصوم، ويوجب التوبة والكفارة المغلظة. ومع ذلك، فإن العلاقة الزوجية مباحة تماماً خلال ليالي رمضان، باستثناء المعتكف في المسجد.
حدود العلاقة الزوجية خلال شهر رمضان محددة بوضوح لحماية قدسية الصيام مع مراعاة الفطرة الإنسانية.
أحكام العلاقة الزوجية في رمضان
1. التحريم في نهار رمضان
إذا كان صيام رمضان وهو واجب على المكلف فيحرم عليه الجماع في نهار رمضان. (وهو انتهاك كبير يفسد الصوم. وقد أوجب النبي ﷺ كفارة مغلظة على من فعل ذلك، وهي عتق رقبة، فإن لم يجد فصيام شهرين متتابعين، فإن لم يستطع فإطعام ستين مسكيناً، كما ورد في صحيح البخاري 1936).
2. الإباحة في الليل
فإن أفطر بعد غروب الشمس جاز له الجماع. (وهذا يبرز التوازن والرحمة في الشريعة الإسلامية، حيث تلبى الاحتياجات الفطرية خلال ساعات الليل المباحة).
3. استثناء المعتكف
ويستثنى من ذلك من كان معتكفا في المسجد فلا يجوز له الجماع في ليل رمضان. (الاعتكاف هو خلوة روحية مخصصة للعبادة. وترك هذه الحالة من التفرغ من أجل العلاقة الجسدية يتنافى مع الغاية من الانقطاع لعبادة الله في المسجد).
4. الدليل القرآني
(أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَائِكُمْ ۚ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَّكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَّهُنَّ ۗ عَلِمَ اللَّـهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنكُمْ ۖ فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّـهُ لَكُمْ ۚ وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنتُمْ عَاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ ۗ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّـهِ فَلَا تَقْرَبُوهَا ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّـهُ آيَاتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ ) البقرة 2: 187
1. Absolute Daytime Prohibition and Invalidation | التحريم القاطع للجماع في نهار رمضان وبطلان الصوم
Deliberately engaging in sexual intercourse while observing the obligatory Ramadan fast is categorically forbidden by unanimous consensus. It represents an intentional desecration of the sacred month's daytime sanctity, completely nullifying the fast and incurring grave spiritual guilt.
أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَائِكُمْ (سورة البقرة: 187)
الجماع عمدا في نهار صوم رمضان الواجب محرم بإجماع الأمة، وهو أغلظ المفطرات وأشدها إثما؛ فمن جامع في نهار رمضان وهو صائم مكلف مختار فقد انتهك حرمة الشهر وبطل صومه ولزمه الإمساك بقية اليوم تعظيما للشعيرة مع التوبة والاستغفار.
2. The Severe Three-Tier Expiation (Kaffarah Mughalladhah) | الكفارة المغلظة ومراتبها الثلاث على الترتيب
The Prophet established the mandatory expiation for daytime intercourse in a famous agreed-upon Hadith (Sahih Al-Bukhari 1936; Sahih Muslim 1111): first, freeing a slave; if unable, fasting two consecutive lunar months without interruption; if physically unable, feeding sixty impoverished individuals.
فَهَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَصُومَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ؟ (صحيح البخاري 1936، وصحيح مسلم 1111)
قرر النبي ﷺ كفارة مغلظة ردعا عن هذا الذنب؛ وهي مرتبة عند جمهور الفقهاء: عتق رقبة، فمن لم يجد صام شهرين قمريين متتابعين لا يفصل بينهما إلا لعذر شرعي كمرض، فإن عجز عن الصوم لعذر دائم أطعم ستين مسكينا من أوسط ما يطعم أهله.
3. Perfect Lawfulness During Ramadan Nights | إباحة المعاشرة الزوجية في ليالي رمضان كاملة
Surah Al-Baqarah clarifies that intimacy between spouses is entirely permissible throughout the entire night of Ramadan, from sunset until the arrival of true dawn: "It has been made lawful for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives" (2:187).
هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَّكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَّهُنَّ (سورة البقرة: 187)
من عظيم يسر الإسلام أنه أباح المعاشرة الزوجية طوال ليالي رمضان دون أدنى كراهة، من لحظة غروب الشمس وحتى طلوع الفجر؛ فالتحريم خاص بالنهار فقط، مستثنيا المعتكف في المسجد لقوله: {وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنتُمْ عَاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ}.
4. Ruling on the Wife and Voluntary Fasts | حكم الزوجة والجماع في صوم النفل والقضاء
If the wife participated willingly, she owes the same expiation according to the majority of scholars; if coerced, she owes no expiation but must make up the day. Intimacy during voluntary fasts or make-up fasts outside Ramadan breaks the fast but does not trigger the severe expiation.
فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّـهُ لَكُمْ (سورة البقرة: 187)
إذا كانت الزوجة مطاوعة مختارة لزمتها الكفارة عند الجمهور، وإن كانت مكرهة فلا كفارة عليها ويلزمها القضاء؛ أما الجماع في صوم قضاء رمضان فيفسد ذلك اليوم ويوجب التوبة والقضاء إذا وقع بغير عذر، دون كفارة مغلظة؛ وفي صوم التطوع لا تجب الكفارة المغلظة، ويجوز قطع النفل عند الشافعية والحنابلة، أما الحنفية والمالكية فيوجبون قضاء النفل المقطوع في الجملة، فالكفارة خاصة بحرمة نهار رمضان.
Scholarly Insight: The severe expiation guards the sacred boundary of Ramadan daylight, demonstrating that self-mastery over the most primal human urges is the crowning virtue of fasting. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Baqarah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What are the consequences of intercourse during the day of Ramadan?
The fast is invalidated, the sin requires repentance, the day must be made up, and the major expiation (Kaffarah) must be fulfilled.
What is the order of options for the major expiation (Kaffarah)?
1. Freeing a slave; 2. Fasting two consecutive months; 3. Feeding sixty poor people, in sequential order.
Is intercourse permissible at night during Ramadan?
Yes, Surah Al-Baqarah (2:187) explicitly permits marital intimacy from sunset until true dawn, except during I'tikaf; other independent prohibitions, such as intercourse during menstruation, still apply.
Does intercourse during voluntary (Sunnah) fasting require the two-month fasting expiation?
No, the major expiation is exclusively required for violating the sacred daylight hours of Ramadan.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →