What is the description of the cow that Bani Israel were commanded to slaughter?
ما هو وصف البقرة التي أمر الله بني إسرائيل بذبحها؟
The story of the cow in Surah Al-Baqarah highlights how Bani Israel made a simple command difficult for themselves by asking repetitive questions. Each time they asked, Allah increased the specificity of the cow's description until it became nearly impossible to find. Eventually, they found a cow that matched all three divine criteria: age, color, and lack of blemish or labor.
تجسد قصة البقرة في القرآن الكريم عاقبة التشدد وكثرة السؤال فيما لا طائل منه. فبعد أن كان الأمر بسيطاً بذبج "أي بقرة"، شدد بنو إسرائيل على أنفسهم فشدد الله عليهم في الوصف، حتى انحصرت الشروط في السن واللون والخلو من العيوب والعمل، ليكون ذبحها في النهاية آية باهرة على قدرة الله في إحياء الموتى.
The Three Characteristics | الأوصاف الثلاثة
1. Age: Neither old nor young | السن: لا فارض ولا بكر
(They said, “Call upon your Lord to clarify for us what type ˹of cow˺ it should be!” He replied, “Allah says, ‘The cow should neither be old nor young but in between. So do as you are commanded!’”)
(قَالُوا ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّن لَّنَا مَا هِيَ ۚ قَالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ لَّا فَارِضٌ وَلَا بِكْرٌ عَوَانٌ بَيْنَ ذَٰلِكَ ۖ فَافْعَلُوا مَا تُؤْمَرُونَ) [سورة البقرة: آية ٦٨]
2. Color: Bright yellow | اللون: صفراء فاقع لونها
(They said, "Call upon your Lord to show us what is her color." He said, "He says, 'It is a yellow cow, bright in color - pleasing to the observers.' ")
(قَالُوا ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّن لَّنَا مَا لَوْنُهَا ۚ قَالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ صَفْرَاءُ فَاقِعٌ لَّوْنُهَا تَسُرُّ النَّاظِرِينَ) [سورة البقرة: آية ٦٩]
3. Condition: No labor or blemish | الحالة: لا ذلول ولا شية فيها
(He replied, “Allah says, ‘It should have been used neither to till the soil nor water the fields; wholesome and without blemish.’” They said, “Now you have come with the truth.” Yet they still slaughtered it hesitantly!)
(قَالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ لَّا ذَلُولٌ تُثِيرُ الْأَرْضَ وَلَا تَسْقِي الْحَرْثَ مُسَلَّمَةٌ لَّا شِيَةَ فِيهَا ۚ قَالُوا الْآنَ جِئْتَ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ فَذَبَحُوهَا وَمَا كَادُوا يَفْعَلُونَ) [سورة البقرة: آية ٧١]
Scholarly Insight: The description "La Shiyata fiha" (without blemish) means the yellow color was pure, without any spots of black or white. This physical perfection, combined with the fact that she was never broken for work, made her unique. This serves as a lesson that obedience to Allah should be prompt and sincere, rather than burdened with unnecessary questioning.