What Is Perjury?
ما هي شهادة الزور؟
What is perjury?
The answer defines perjury as deliberately lying, falsifying, and saying other than the truth, in writing or in speech, about a fundamental issue in a judicial matter, in a way that directly affects the outcome of the case and changes the course of justice.
Truthfulness is a foundational pillar of justice in Islam. Testifying falsely corrupts the judicial system and leads to the unjust loss of people's rights and properties.
The Definition of Perjury
1. Falsification and Lying
Perjury is deliberately lying, falsification, and telling other than the truth. This false testimony can be either submitted in a written document or spoken verbally.
2. Impacting the Judicial Outcome
This act occurs when a witness lies regarding a fundamental issue of a judicial matter. By doing so, the deception actively affects the outcome of the case, subverting justice.
ما هي شهادة الزور؟
يعرف الجواب شهادة الزور بأنها تعمد الحنث أو التزوير وقول غير الحقيقة، مكتوبة أو منطوقة، في مسألة أساسية من إجراء قضائي، بما يؤثر مباشرة في نتيجة القضية ويغير مجرى العدالة.
الصدق هو ركيزة أساسية للعدالة في الإسلام. وشهادة الزور تفسد النظام القضائي وتؤدي إلى ضياع حقوق الناس وممتلكاتهم ظلما وعدوانا.
تعريف شهادة الزور
1. التزوير والكذب
هي تعمد الحنث أو التزوير وقول غير الحقيقة، سواء كانت هذه الشهادة الكاذبة مكتوبة أو منطوقة.
2. التأثير على الحكم القضائي
وتتعلق بشأن مسألة أساسية لإجراء قضائي ما، وذلك بكذب الشاهد وقول خلاف الحقيقة مما يؤثر مباشرة على نتيجة القضية ويغير مجرى العدالة.
1. Among the Greatest Major Sins | من أكبر الكبائر
The Prophet asked three times: Shall I not tell you of the greatest of major sins? Associating partners with Allah, and disobedience to parents. He had been reclining, then sat up and said: and false speech, and kept repeating it until the Companions wished he would stop (Sahih al-Bukhari 2654). Allah commands believers to shun false speech together with the filth of idols (Al-Hajj 22:30).
وَاجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ (سورة الحج: 30)
قال النبي ﷺ: "ألا أنبئكم بأكبر الكبائر" ثلاثا، قالوا: بلى يا رسول الله، قال: "الإشراك بالله، وعقوق الوالدين"، وجلس وكان متكئا فقال: "ألا وقول الزور"، فما زال يكررها حتى قالوا: ليته سكت (صحيح البخاري 2654). وأمر الله تعالى باجتناب قول الزور مع اجتناب الرجس من الأوثان (الحج 22:30).
2. Those Who Do Not Witness Falsehood | الذين لا يشهدون الزور
Allah praises the servants of the Most Merciful as those who do not witness falsehood (Al-Furqan 25:72). Ibn Kathir reports that some explained this as false testimony, while he considers it clearer from the context that they do not attend gatherings of falsehood; both meanings keep the believer far from perjury.
وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَشْهَدُونَ الزُّورَ (سورة الفرقان: 72)
وصف الله تعالى عباد الرحمن بأنهم لا يشهدون الزور (الفرقان 25:72). ونقل ابن كثير أن من المفسرين من فسره بشهادة الزور، ورأى أن الأظهر من السياق أنهم لا يحضرون الزور ومجالسه، وكلا المعنيين يبعد المؤمن عن شهادة الزور.
3. Standing Firm for Justice in Testimony | القيام بالقسط في الشهادة
Allah commands believers to stand firm for justice as witnesses for Allah, even against themselves, their parents, or their relatives, whether the person is rich or poor (An-Nisa 4:135), and He forbids concealing testimony (Al-Baqarah 2:283). A witness must neither invent what did not happen nor hide what did.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ بِالْقِسْطِ شُهَدَاءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوْ عَلَىٰ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَوِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ (سورة النساء: 135)
أمر الله تعالى المؤمنين أن يكونوا قوامين بالقسط شهداء لله ولو على أنفسهم أو الوالدين والأقربين، غنيا كان المشهود عليه أو فقيرا (النساء 4:135)، ونهى عن كتمان الشهادة (البقرة 2:283). فلا يجوز للشاهد أن يختلق ما لم يكن، ولا أن يكتم ما كان.
Scholarly Insight: In Islamic Jurisprudence, perjury (Shahadat al Zoor) is considered one of the greatest major sins (Al Kaba'ir). The Prophet Muhammad pbuh named false speech among the greatest major sins, together with associating partners with Allah and disobedience to parents, and kept repeating it to stress its gravity (Sahih al-Bukhari 2654). Perjury destroys the foundation of society by stripping innocent people of their rightful properties, honor, or freedom, while rewarding the guilty. Because it involves violating the rights of others, true repentance from perjury requires not only seeking Allah's forgiveness but also doing everything possible to restore the lost rights to the wronged party. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Hajj.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Can a written document be considered perjury?
Yes. The answer defines perjury as deliberate lying or falsification, whether written or spoken, about a fundamental issue in a judicial matter.
What makes a lie count specifically as perjury?
All lying is forbidden, but perjury is lying about a fundamental issue in a judicial matter, so that the false testimony directly affects the outcome of the case and changes the course of justice.
How serious is perjury in Islam?
The Prophet named false speech among the greatest major sins, together with associating partners with Allah and disobedience to parents, and repeated it until his Companions wished he would stop (Sahih al-Bukhari 2654).
What must a person do to repent from perjury?
Seek Allah's forgiveness, stop, and resolve never to return, and because it wrongs other people, do everything possible to restore the rights that the false testimony took from them.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →