Allah Has Warned Against Defrauding: What Is It?
حذر الله تعالى من الوقوع في إثم التطفيف. فما هو التطفيف؟
Allah Almighty has warned us from defrauding. So what is it?
The answer defines defrauding (tatfif) as giving short measure and weight when selling and taking extra when buying, recalls how Allah punished the people of Shu'ayb for it, and quotes the opening of Surah Al-Mutaffifin (83:1-6).
Islam strictly forbids deceit in commercial transactions, ensuring absolute fairness and protecting people's wealth from exploitation and dishonest business practices.
The Definition and Historical Warning
1. The Meaning of Defrauding
Defrauding is to decrease the measure or weight of merchandise when one is selling it to others, and to demand an increase in weight when one is the buyer.
2. The Punishment of the People of Shuaib
Allah avenged the people of Prophet Shuaib, who were notorious for cheating the balance and the scale. When buying, they would take more than what they paid for. Conversely, when selling, they would charge the full price but give a lesser amount. Therefore, they would steal from the seller if they were buying, and steal from the buyer if they were selling.
The Quranic Command
(Woe to the defrauders! Those who take full measure when they buy from people, but give less when they measure or weigh for buyers. Do such people not think that they will be resurrected for a tremendous Day the Day all people will stand before the Lord of all worlds?) Surah Al Mutaffifin 83: 1 to 6.
حذر الله تعالى من الوقوع في إثم التطفيف. فما هو التطفيف؟
يعرف الجواب التطفيف بأنه النقص في الكيل والميزان عند البيع والزيادة فيه عند الشراء، ويذكر انتقام الله من قوم شعيب بسببه، ويستشهد بأول سورة المطففين (المطففين 83:1-6).
يمنع الإسلام منعا باتا الخداع في المعاملات التجارية، مما يضمن العدالة المطلقة ويحمي أموال الناس من الاستغلال والممارسات التجارية غير النزيهة.
التعريف والتحذير التاريخي
1. معنى التطفيف
التطفيف هو النقص في الكيل والميزان لمن كان له المال (عند البيع)، والزيادة فيه لمن كان له الموزون (عند الشراء).
2. عقوبة قوم شعيب
لقد انتقم الله من قوم شعيب الذين اشتهروا بتطفيف الكيل والميزان، وهو أخذهم السلعة زائدة الوزن، وبيعهم إياها ناقصة الوزن، فكانوا يسرقون من البائع إذا باعهم، ومن المشتري إذا باعوه.
الأمر القرآني
نزل فيهم قول الله تعالى: (وَيْلٌ لِّلْمُطَفِّفِينَ ﴿١﴾ الَّذِينَ إِذَا اكْتَالُوا عَلَى النَّاسِ يَسْتَوْفُونَ ﴿٢﴾ وَإِذَا كَالُوهُمْ أَو وَّزَنُوهُمْ يُخْسِرُونَ ﴿٣﴾ أَلَا يَظُنُّ أُولَٰئِكَ أَنَّهُم مَّبْعُوثُونَ ﴿٤﴾ لِيَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ ﴿٥﴾ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ النَّاسُ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ ﴿٦﴾) المطففين 83: 1 إلى 6.
1. The Occasion of Revelation | سبب النزول
Ibn Abbas reported that when the Prophet came to Medina, its people were among the worst in measuring, so Allah revealed Woe to the defrauders, and after that they measured well (Sunan Ibn Majah 2223, graded hasan by al-Albani). The surah then reminds the defrauders that they will be raised for a tremendous Day, when people will stand before the Lord of the worlds (Al-Mutaffifin 83:4-6).
وَيْلٌ لِّلْمُطَفِّفِينَ (سورة المطففين: 1)
قال ابن عباس: لما قدم النبي ﷺ المدينة كانوا من أخبث الناس كيلا، فأنزل الله سبحانه {ويل للمطففين}، فأحسنوا الكيل بعد ذلك (سنن ابن ماجه 2223، حسنه الألباني). ثم ذكرهم الله بأنهم مبعوثون ليوم عظيم يوم يقوم الناس لرب العالمين (المطففين 83:4-6).
2. Shu'ayb's Call to His People | دعوة شعيب قومه
Shu'ayb told the people of Madyan to worship Allah, to give full measure and weight, and not to deprive people of their things (Al-A'raf 7:85). The answer explains that they took goods overweight when buying and sold them underweight, stealing from the seller when they bought and from the buyer when they sold, until Allah punished them.
فَأَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ وَالْمِيزَانَ (سورة الأعراف: 85)
دعا شعيب قوم مدين إلى عبادة الله وحده، وأمرهم بإيفاء الكيل والميزان ونهاهم عن بخس الناس أشياءهم (الأعراف 7:85). وبين الجواب أنهم كانوا يأخذون السلعة زائدة الوزن ويبيعونها ناقصة، فيسرقون من البائع إذا باعهم ومن المشتري إذا باعوه، حتى انتقم الله منهم.
3. Fairness in Every Dealing | الإنصاف في كل معاملة
Al-Sa'di explains that giving short measure is theft of people's wealth, and that the verse shows that a person who takes his full right from others must give them all that is theirs in money and dealings, even in arguments and debates. The Prophet put his hand into a pile of grain, found the inside wet, and said that whoever cheats is not of him (Sahih Muslim 102).
قال السعدي إن تطفيف الكيل والميزان "سرقة لأموال الناس"، وإن الآية دلت على أن الإنسان كما يأخذ من الناس الذي له يجب عليه أن يعطيهم كل ما لهم من الأموال والمعاملات، بل يدخل في ذلك الحجج والمقالات. وأدخل النبي ﷺ يده في صبرة طعام فنالت أصابعه بللا، فقال: "أفلا جعلته فوق الطعام كي يراه الناس، من غش فليس مني" (صحيح مسلم 102).
Scholarly Insight: In Islamic Jurisprudence, commercial honesty is a foundational pillar of a moral society. "Tatfif" is an Arabic term that derives from a root word meaning something slight or trivial, indicating that even stealing small, seemingly insignificant amounts through the scale is a major sin. Al-Sa'di explains that the essence of Tatfif applies beyond physical scales to any transaction or relationship where a person hypocritically demands their full rights but falls short in giving others their due rights. The severe warning in Surah Al Mutaffifin serves to remind believers that all business dealings are witnessed by Allah and will be judged on the Day of Resurrection. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Mutaffifin.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What exactly is tatfif in Islamic trade?
It is giving short measure or weight when selling and taking extra when buying. Al-Sa'di calls it theft of people's wealth.
Which nation was punished for cheating in weights and measures?
The people of Madyan, to whom Shu'ayb was sent. He told them to give full measure and weight and not to deprive people of their things (Al-A'raf 7:85), and they were punished for refusing.
Does defrauding only apply to physical weights and scales?
No. Al-Sa'di explains that the verse requires a person to give others everything that is theirs in money and dealings, as he takes his own right in full, and he applies it even to arguments and debates.
What did the Prophet say about cheating?
He found wet grain hidden under dry grain in a pile and said: whoever cheats is not of me (Sahih Muslim 102).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →