Where Did Moses' People Get Their Food and Water While Wandering in the Desert?
من أين كان طعام قوم موسى وشرابهم في التيه؟
They were thirsty, so they asked Moses to pray to Allah to give them water. Allah commanded His Prophet to strike the rock, and twelve springs gushed out of it. Each spring belonged to one of their twelve tribes, so that people would not crowd over the water. As for their food, Allah sent down on them a sticky substance similar to honey (manna), and He sent down birds from the sky called quail.
أصابهم العطش فطلبوا من موسى أن يدعو الله أن يسقيهم، فأمر الله نبيه أن يضرب الحجر فانفجرت منه اثنتا عشرة عينًا، وكانت كل عينٍ لعائلةٍ من عوائلهم الاثنتي عشرة، لئلا يتزاحم الناس على الماء. أما طعامهم فقد أنزل الله عليهم مادةً لزجة تشبه العسل (المنّ)، وأنزل عليهم طيورًا من السماء تسمى السلوى.
1. Water for Twelve Tribes, Without Conflict | ماءٌ لاثني عشر سبطًا دون نزاع
The miracle of the twelve springs, one per tribe, is covered in full detail in how twelve springs gushed out for Moses and his people, citing Surah Al-Baqarah 2:60. The design itself, a separate source per tribe, prevented crowding and conflict over the water, as the answer notes. Ibn Kathir reports from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that this was while the Children of Israel were in the wilderness, the years of wandering explained in the punishment for not entering the Holy Land.
معجزة العيون الاثنتي عشرة، عينٌ لكل سبط، مشروحة بالتفصيل في صفحة انفجار العيون الاثنتي عشرة لموسى وقومه، استنادًا إلى سورة البقرة 2: 60. والتصميم نفسه، مصدرٌ مستقل لكل سبط، منع التزاحم والنزاع على الماء، كما تذكر الإجابة. وينقل ابن كثير عن ابن عباس أن ذلك كان وبنو إسرائيل في التيه.
2. Manna and Quail: Food That Cost No Labor | المنّ والسلوى: طعامٌ بلا تعب
Alongside the water, Allah provided food without the people needing to farm or hunt: "We shaded you with clouds and sent down to you manna and quails" (Al-Baqarah 2:57). This same provision is what the people later grew tired of, a discontent explained fully in how the Children of Israel responded to Allah's blessings.
إلى جانب الماء، وفّر الله الطعام دون حاجة القوم للزراعة أو الصيد: "وظللنا عليكم الغمام وأنزلنا عليكم المن والسلوى" (البقرة 2: 57). وهذا الرزق نفسه هو ما سئم منه القوم لاحقًا، وهو سخطٌ مشروحٌ بالكامل في صفحة استقبال بني إسرائيل لنعم الله عليهم.
وَظَلَّلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْغَمَامَ وَأَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَىٰ (البقرة 2: 57)Scholarly Insight: Together, Al-Baqarah 2:57 and 2:60 record the two provisions, manna and quail for food, twelve springs for water, that sustained the Children of Israel through their period of wandering.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
How did Moses' people get water in the wilderness?
Allah commanded Moses to strike a rock, and twelve springs gushed out, one for each tribe.
What food did they receive?
Manna, a sticky substance like honey, and quail, a bird sent down from the sky.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →