What Is the Virtue of Sponsoring an Orphan?
ما هو فضل كفالة اليتيم؟
What is the virtue for sponsoring an orphan?
The answer names the virtues of sponsoring an orphan: nearness to the Prophet in Paradise like the index and middle fingers (al-Bukhari 5304), building a society free of envy and hatred, blessing and growth in the sponsor's wealth, and crossing the steep path to salvation (Al-Balad 90:11-15).
Taking responsibility for an orphan goes far beyond charity. Islam elevates the sponsor to the highest spiritual ranks, promising profound rewards in this life and the Hereafter for those who care for the vulnerable.
1. Companionship in Paradise
The Messenger of Allah pbuh explained that sponsoring an orphan is a great ground for immense reward. He said: "The orphan's sponsor and I are in heaven like this", and he pointed with his index finger and his middle finger, separating them slightly. Narrated by al-Bukhari (5304).
This profound visual metaphor means that the sponsor's nearness to the Prophet peace be upon him in Paradise is like the nearness of the index finger to the middle finger. It represents an inseparable bond in the highest ranks of Jannah.
2. Societal and Financial Blessings
Building a Healthy Society: Sponsoring orphans helps in building a healthy society free of envy and hatred. When vulnerable children feel loved and supported rather than abandoned, it strengthens the social fabric and bridges the gap between the wealthy and the poor.
Purifying Wealth: It acts as a means for purifying one's money. Giving from your wealth to an orphan does not decrease it; rather, sponsoring an orphan is one of the greatest reasons for the sponsor to receive divine blessings, continuous growth, and goodness in his money.
3. Salvation on the Day of Resurrection
Taking care of an orphan is a direct path to surviving the terrors of the Day of Resurrection. The Quran describes the path to salvation as overcoming challenging obstacles through acts of deep compassion.
Allah Almighty says: (If only they had attempted the challenging path of goodness instead. And what will make you realize what attempting the challenging path is? It is to free a slave, or to give food in times of famine to an orphaned relative) Surah Al Balad 90: 11 to 15.
Note: The quotation above runs to "an orphan of near relation", which is verse 15; the reference in the original answer, 90:11-14, has been extended to 90:11-15.
ما هو فضل كفالة اليتيم؟
يذكر الجواب فضائل كفالة اليتيم: القرب من النبي ﷺ في الجنة كقرب السبابة من الوسطى (البخاري 5304)، وبناء مجتمع سليم خال من الحقد، والبركة والنماء في مال الكافل، واقتحام العقبة للنجاة يوم القيامة (البلد 90:11-15).
إن تحمل مسؤولية اليتيم يتجاوز مجرد العمل الخيري. فالإسلام يرفع الكافل إلى أعلى المراتب الروحية، واعدا إياه بمكافآت عظيمة في الدنيا والآخرة لرعايته للضعفاء.
الرفقة في الجنة
بين رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن كفالة اليتيم باب عظيم من الأجر والثواب، قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "أنا وكافل اليتيم في الجنة هكذا" وأشار بالسبابة والوسطى وفرج بينهما شيئا. رواه البخاري (5304).
وهذا التشبيه البليغ يعني أن قرب الكافل من النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في الجنة كقرب السبابة من الوسطى، مما يدل على مكانة ورفقة لا تنفصل في أعلى درجات الجنة.
بركات المجتمع والمال
بناء مجتمع سليم: تساهم الكفالة في بناء مجتمع سليم خال من الحقد والكراهية. فعندما يجد الأطفال الضعفاء الحب والدعم بدلا من الإهمال، يقوى النسيج الاجتماعي وتتلاشى الفجوة بين الأغنياء والفقراء.
تطهير المال: تعتبر الكفالة وسيلة لتطهير المال، فكفالة اليتيم من أعظم الأسباب التي ينال بها الكافل البركة والخير والنماء في ماله.
النجاة يوم القيامة
تعتبر رعاية اليتيم طريقا مباشرا للنجاة يوم القيامة. ويصف القرآن الكريم طريق الخلاص بأنه تجاوز للعقبات الصعبة من خلال أعمال الرحمة العميقة.
قال الله تعالى: (فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ * وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا الْعَقَبَةُ * فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ * أَوْ إِطْعَامٌ فِي يَوْمٍ ذِي مَسْغَبَةٍ * يَتِيمًا ذَا مَقْرَبَةٍ) البلد 90: 11 إلى 15.
ملاحظة: ينتهي النص المقتبس بقوله تعالى (يتيما ذا مقربة) وهي الآية الخامسة عشرة، وكانت الإحالة في الجواب الأصلي تنتهي بالرابعة عشرة، فصححت.
1. Close to the Prophet, Below His Rank | قرب الكافل من النبي ﷺ
The Prophet said: I and the one who sponsors an orphan will be in Paradise like this, and he pointed with his index and middle fingers, separating them slightly (Sahih al-Bukhari 5304). Ibn Hajar explains that the gesture shows the sponsor's rank close to the Prophet's, with the difference between them like the gap between the two fingers, and he quotes Ibn Battal: whoever hears this hadith should act on it, to be the Prophet's companion in Paradise, and there is no higher station in the Hereafter.
قال النبي ﷺ: "أنا وكافل اليتيم في الجنة هكذا"، وأشار بالسبابة والوسطى، وفرج بينهما شيئا (صحيح البخاري 5304). وبين ابن حجر أن في الإشارة دلالة على قرب منزلة الكافل من منزلة النبي ﷺ، وأن بينهما من التفاوت قدر ما بين السبابة والوسطى، ونقل عن ابن بطال أن على من سمع هذا الحديث أن يعمل به ليكون رفيق النبي ﷺ في الجنة، ولا منزلة في الآخرة أفضل من ذلك (فتح الباري).
2. A Relative or a Stranger | له أو لغيره
The Prophet said: The one who sponsors an orphan, whether his own relative or someone else's, he and I will be like these two in Paradise, and Malik pointed with his index and middle fingers (Sahih Muslim 2983). The virtue covers a grandfather, uncle, or brother who raises an orphan of his family as much as one who sponsors a stranger.
قال النبي ﷺ: "كافل اليتيم له أو لغيره أنا وهو كهاتين في الجنة"، وأشار مالك بالسبابة والوسطى (صحيح مسلم 2983). فالفضل يشمل من يكفل يتيما من قرابته كالجد والعم والأخ، ومن يكفل يتيما غريبا.
3. Why the Sponsor Is Near the Prophet | حكمة قرب الكافل
Ibn Hajar suggests a wisdom in the comparison: a prophet is sent to people who do not understand the matters of their religion, so he cares for them, teaches them, and guides them; likewise the sponsor of an orphan cares for one who understands neither his religion nor his worldly affairs, guides him, teaches him, and refines his manners, so the two are brought near each other.
يَتِيمًا ذَا مَقْرَبَةٍ (سورة البلد: 15)
ذكر ابن حجر في حكمة التشبيه أن شأن النبي أن يبعث إلى قوم لا يعقلون أمر دينهم فيكون كافلا لهم ومعلما ومرشدا، وكذلك كافل اليتيم يقوم بكفالة من لا يعقل أمر دينه ولا دنياه، ويرشده ويعلمه ويحسن أدبه، فظهرت مناسبة ذلك (فتح الباري).
Scholarly Insight: Ibn Hajar explains the gesture of the two fingers, separated slightly, as showing that the sponsor's rank is close to the Prophet's, with a difference like the gap between them, and suggests a wisdom: a prophet cares for, teaches, and guides those who do not understand their religion, and the sponsor does the same for an orphan (Fath al-Bari). The virtue holds whether the orphan is a relative or not (Sahih Muslim 2983). Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Balad.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What does the hadith of the index and middle fingers mean?
That the sponsor will be near the Prophet in Paradise. The Prophet separated the two fingers slightly (Sahih al-Bukhari 5304), and Ibn Hajar explains that the gap shows the difference between the two ranks, close but not equal.
Does the virtue apply if the orphan is a relative?
Yes. The Prophet said: the one who sponsors an orphan, whether his own relative or someone else's, he and I will be like these two in Paradise (Sahih Muslim 2983).
How does sponsoring an orphan affect one's wealth?
The answer describes sponsorship as purifying wealth and one of the greatest causes of blessing, goodness, and growth in the sponsor's money.
What is the steep path mentioned in Surah Al-Balad?
Allah explains it as freeing a slave, or feeding, on a day of hunger, an orphan of near relation (Al-Balad 90:11-15); the answer presents caring for orphans as a way to salvation on the Day of Resurrection.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →