Which Reminders of Generosity and Hurtful Words Invalidate Charity?
قال الله تعالى: "يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُبْطِلُوا صَدَقَاتِكُمْ بِالْمَنِّ وَالْأَذَىٰ" ما هو المن والأذى الذي يبطل الصدقة؟
Which reminders of one's generosity or hurtful words invalidate charity?
The Quran explicitly warns that following up charity with reminders of one's generosity (Al-Mann) or hurtful words (Al-Atha) completely invalidates the reward of the good deed. True charity is given purely for Allah, preserving the dignity and feelings of the recipient.
Allah says: (O believers! Do not waste your charity with reminders of your generosity or hurtful words) Al-Baqarah 2:264. Understanding these two destructive behaviors is crucial for every donor.
The Meaning of Reminders and Harm
1. Reminders of Generosity (Al-Mann)
Reminders of one’s generosity to the one who received the charity is used as a way to look down on him. It is as if to tell someone: on such a day I gave you so and so, and of course, it becomes graver if this happens in front of people.
2. Hurtful Words (Al-Atha)
Harm: Humiliating the recipient of charity and saying hurtful words to him that demean his honour and dignity. An example of that is if one says: "You bother me too much by asking," or "Don't you feel ashamed every time you ask me?"
3. The Prophetic Etiquette
And the behavior of the prophets taught us that the donor must behave kindly with those he gives charity to so that people would not be embarrassed by it. Allah Almighty says about His Prophet Moses: (So he watered their herd for them, then withdrew to the shade.) Al-Qasas 28:24.
4. The Invalidation of the Reward
If a human being reminds someone of the charity he has given him, then the reward for his charity vanishes, because the reminder hurts the feelings of the receiver of charity, and hurts their dignity. (O believers! Do not waste your charity with reminders of your generosity or hurtful words) Al-Baqara 2: 264. (A kind word with forgiveness is better than almsgiving followed by injury. Allah is Absolute, Clement.) Al-Baqara 2: 263.
ما هو المن والأذى الذي يبطل الصدقة؟
يحذر القرآن الكريم صراحة من أن إتباع الصدقة بالمن أو الأذى يبطل ثواب العمل الصالح تماماً. فالصدقة الحقيقية تُعطى خالصة لوجه الله، وتحفظ كرامة ومشاعر المتلقي.
قال الله تعالى: (يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُبْطِلُوا صَدَقَاتِكُمْ بِالْمَنِّ وَالْأَذَىٰ) البقرة 2: 264. إن فهم هذين السلوكين المدمرين أمر بالغ الأهمية لكل متصدق.
معنى المن والأذى
1. المن (تعداد النعم)
المن هو: ذكر الصدقة وتعدادها على من تصدق بها عليه، على وجه التفضل عليه، كأن يقول له أعطيتك في يوم كذا وكذا، وفي يوم كذا وكذا. ويزيد الأمر إن كان يحدث هذا أمام الناس.
2. الأذى (الإهانة اللفظية)
الأذى: التطاول على المتصدق عليه وإذلاله بكلمة نابية تحط من شرفه وكرامته، كأن يقول له مثلاً: آذيتني بكثرة سؤالك، أو أنت لا تستحي في كل مرة تسألني أو نحو ذلك.
3. أدب الأنبياء
وقد علمنا سلوك الأنبياء أن على المحسن أن يتأدب مع من أحسن إليهم، حتى لا يتحرج الناس منه، فقد قال الله تعالى عن نبيه موسى: "فَسَقَىٰ لَهُمَا ثُمَّ تَوَلَّىٰ إِلَى الظِّلِّ" القصص 28: 24.
4. بطلان ثواب الصدقة
إذا من الإنسان على شخص أعطاه صدقة، ذهب ثواب صدقته. لأن المن يجرح شعور من أعطي الصدقة ويجرح كرامته. (يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُبْطِلُوا صَدَقَاتِكُمْ بِالْمَنِّ وَالْأَذَىٰ) البقرة 2: 264. (قَوْلٌ مَّعْرُوفٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِّن صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَنِيٌّ حَلِيمٌ ﴿٢٦٣﴾) البقرة 2: 263.
1. Reminders of Generosity: Conduct After Giving | المن وحفظ أدب العطاء
Al-Baqarah 2:262 promises reward to those who spend in Allah's cause and do not follow their gifts with reminders or harm. The duty continues after money has changed hands: generosity gives the donor no right to demand deference, repayment in praise, or public acknowledgment from the poor. The following verse places a kind word and forgiveness above charity followed by injury (2:263). A donor can therefore preserve the gift by speaking respectfully, and someone unable to give money can still respond kindly. These verses connect financial assistance with the manner in which the recipient is treated.
الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ لَا يُتْبِعُونَ مَا أَنْفَقُوا مَنًّا وَلَا أَذًى (سورة البقرة: 262)
وعد الله تعالى في سورة البقرة 2:262 المنفقين في سبيل الله الذين لا يتبعون النفقة بالمن والأذى بالأجر. ويبقى الأدب واجبا بعد دفع المال؛ فلا تمنح الصدقة صاحبها حق التعالي على الفقير أو مطالبته بالثناء. وقدمت الآية التالية القول المعروف والمغفرة على صدقة يتبعها أذى (البقرة 2:263). فيحفظ المتصدق عطاءه بحسن القول، ويقدر من لا يجد مالا على إجابة السائل برفق. فتقترن المعونة المالية بكرامة من تصل إليه.
2. Hurtful Conduct and the Parable of the Bare Rock | الأذى ومثل الصفوان
The comparison in Al-Baqarah 2:264 is a smooth rock covered by a little soil: a heavy rain leaves it bare. It illustrates the loss of charitable reward through reminders and harm, alongside the example of a person who gives to be seen by others. Public donation itself is not the same as showing off, since 2:271 calls disclosed charity good and Muslim 1017 records a donation that encouraged others. The donor must instead examine the intention and avoid humiliating the recipient. The rock image teaches how outward generosity can lose its benefit through conduct that follows it.
كَمَثَلِ صَفْوَانٍ عَلَيْهِ تُرَابٌ فَأَصَابَهُ وَابِلٌ فَتَرَكَهُ صَلْدًا (سورة البقرة: 264)
شبه الله تعالى في سورة البقرة 2:264 الصدقة التي يبطلها المن والأذى بصفوان عليه تراب أصابه وابل فتركه صلدا، وذكر المنفق رياء الناس. ولا يتحد الإعلان والرياء؛ فقد وصف الله تعالى في سورة البقرة 2:271 إبداء الصدقات بأنه خير، وروى مسلم 1017 عطاء اقتدى الناس بصاحبه. والعبرة بقصد المتصدق وحفظه كرامة المحتاج. ويبين مثال الصفوان كيف تضيع ثمرة عمل ظاهرها الإحسان بسبب المن والأذى.
3. Kind Speech When Giving or Declining | القول المعروف عند العطاء أو الاعتذار
Al-Qurtubi explains "a kind word" in Al-Baqarah 2:263 as prayer for the person asking, reassurance, and encouragement to hope in what Allah provides. He directs the giver to receive the person with a welcoming face and courteous speech, so that giving is accompanied by gratitude and declining is accompanied by an understandable excuse. Kindness therefore remains possible when money is unavailable. A respectful response avoids adding humiliation to need, and a gift must likewise be protected from reminders and harm after it is given.
قَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى (سورة البقرة: 263)
يفسر القرطبي القول المعروف في البقرة 2:263 بالدعاء والتأنيس والترجية بما عند الله، ويوجه إلى استقبال السائل بالبشر والترحيب والطلاقة والتقريب، ليكون المعطي مشكورا إن أعطى ومعذورا إن منع. فيمكن الإحسان بالقول حين لا يتيسر المال، ولا يزاد المحتاج مهانة فوق حاجته. ويصان العطاء أيضا من المن والأذى بعد إخراجه.
4. The Invalidation of the Reward
Al-Baqarah 2:263 states that a kind word and forgiveness are better than charity followed by injury, and concludes that Allah is free of need and forbearing. Al-Qurtubi explains that Allah needs no charity followed by reminders, and that good speech includes a gentle reply to a person asking for help. The verse offers a positive response even when a donor cannot meet a request: preserve courtesy and forgive what can be forgiven. It also directs a person who does give to preserve the value of the gift through conduct afterward. Money and manners are therefore both relevant to the reward of charity.
قَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَنِيٌّ حَلِيمٌ (سورة البقرة: 263)
قرر الله تعالى في سورة البقرة 2:263 أن القول المعروف والمغفرة خير من صدقة يتبعها أذى، وختم بأن الله غني حليم. وفسر القرطبي القول المعروف بالرد الجميل على السائل، وبين أن الله غني عن صدقة يتبعها من. فمن عجز عن قضاء حاجة بقي قادرا على الرفق والعفو، ومن أعطى حفظ عطاءه بحسن المعاملة بعده. فتتعلق ثمرة الصدقة بالمال وبأدب صاحبه مع من أعطاه.
Scholarly Insight: Al-Qurtubi explains the kind word in Al-Baqarah 2:263 as a gentle reply to a person asking for help. The verse compares that response with charity followed by injury; the prohibition on reminders and harm is stated in 2:264. Later harm can destroy a gift's reward, so the donor must preserve good conduct after giving as well as sincerity when giving. The Quran also praises charity given without that injury (2:262). Al-Qurtubi also explains forgiveness as overlooking the conduct of a persistent questioner. Such courtesy benefits someone who receives no money, while a donor who gives must continue to avoid insults and reminders of favors. The smooth-rock example in Al-Baqarah 2:264 illustrates the loss of reward caused by those actions.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What does 'Al-Mann' (reminders of generosity) mean?
Al-Mann means invoking a gift as a favor held over its recipient, such as repeatedly listing what was given to make them feel inferior or indebted. Al-Baqarah 2:264 warns against invalidating charity with these reminders; public humiliation makes the injury worse.
Can a kind word really be better than giving money?
Yes. Al-Baqarah 2:263 explicitly says that a kind word and forgiveness are better than charity followed by harm. A person who cannot give can still offer a gentle response, and a person who does give should protect the recipient from insults and humiliation.
What happens to the reward of a charity if it is followed by hurtful words?
Following a charitable gift with hurtful treatment can destroy its reward. Al-Baqarah 2:264 prohibits invalidating charity through reminders and harm, while 2:262 promises reward for spending that is not followed by those actions. The donor must preserve respect after giving.
What is the broader significance of this ruling in Islamic finance?
It makes the recipient's dignity part of charitable conduct: giving money does not grant a right to humiliate or dominate the person helped. Al-Baqarah 2:262-264 connects financial generosity with good speech, sincerity, and restraint from reminders and harm.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →