What Is the Ruling on Entering an Inhabited House?
ما حكم دخول البيوت المسكونة والتي لها أهلون؟
What is the ruling about going into an inhabited house if it belongs to someone?
The answer rules that an inhabited house may not be entered except with the permission of its people, whether they are present or absent, citing An-Nur 24:27-28: do not enter houses other than your own until you seek permission and greet their people, and if you find no one there, do not enter until you are given permission.
1. The Absolute Right of Permission
You are not allowed to enter without the permission of its owners, whether they are in the house or not. The necessity of seeking permission is an absolute right of the homeowner, ensuring that no one trespasses into their private space unexpectedly.
2. The Quranic Evidence
Allah Almighty clearly outlined this beautiful etiquette in the Quran, placing a high value on mindfulness and respect for others.
Allah says: (O believers! Do not enter any house other than your own until you have asked for permission and greeted its occupants. This is best for you, so perhaps you will be mindful. If you find no one at home, do not enter it until you have been given permission.) Surah An Nur 24: 27 to 28.
ما حكم دخول البيوت المسكونة والتي لها أهلون؟
يقرر الجواب أن البيوت المسكونة لا يجوز دخولها إلا بإذن أهلها سواء كانوا موجودين أو غير موجودين، مستدلا بآيتي النور 24:27-28: لا تدخلوا بيوتا غير بيوتكم حتى تستأنسوا وتسلموا على أهلها، فإن لم تجدوا فيها أحدا فلا تدخلوها حتى يؤذن لكم.
الحق المطلق في الاستئذان
لا يجوز دخولها إلا بإذن أهلها سواء كانوا موجودين أو غير موجودين. فضرورة طلب الإذن هي حق مطلق لصاحب المنزل، مما يضمن عدم تعدي أي شخص على مساحته الخاصة بشكل مفاجئ.
الدليل من القرآن الكريم
بين الله تعالى هذا الأدب العظيم بوضوح في القرآن الكريم، مؤكدا على أهمية احترام خصوصية الآخرين.
قال الله تعالى: (يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتًا غَيْرَ بُيُوتِكُمْ حَتَّىٰ تَسْتَأْنِسُوا وَتُسَلِّمُوا عَلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ (٢٧) فَإِن لَّمْ تَجِدُوا فِيهَا أَحَدًا فَلَا تَدْخُلُوهَا حَتَّىٰ يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ ۖ) النور 24: 27 إلى 28.
1. Seeking Permission Is the Isti'nas | الاستئناس هو الاستئذان
Ibn Kathir reports from Ibn Abbas, and from others, that al-isti'nas in the answer's verse, until you seek familiarity (hatta tasta'nisu), means seeking permission (An-Nur 24:27). The verse commands both seeking permission and greeting the people of the house before entering.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتًا غَيْرَ بُيُوتِكُمْ حَتَّىٰ تَسْتَأْنِسُوا وَتُسَلِّمُوا عَلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا (سورة النور: 27)
نقل ابن كثير عن ابن عباس: "الاستئناس: الاستئذان"، وقال: "وكذا قال غير واحد"، في قوله تعالى: حتى تستأنسوا وتسلموا على أهلها (النور 24:27). فالآية تأمر بالاستئذان والسلام على أهل البيت قبل الدخول.
2. Permission Is for the Sake of Sight | إنما جعل الاستئذان من أجل البصر
A man peeped through a hole into the Prophet's room while the Prophet was scratching his head with a comb, and he said: Had I known you were looking, I would have poked your eye with it; permission was ordained only because of sight (Sahih al-Bukhari 6241). This is why the answer forbids entering without permission even when the people of the house are absent.
اطلع رجل من جحر في حجر النبي ﷺ ومعه مدرى يحك به رأسه، فقال: "لو أعلم أنك تنظر لطعنت به في عينك، إنما جعل الاستئذان من أجل البصر" (صحيح البخاري 6241). ولهذا منع الجواب الدخول بغير إذن ولو كان أهل البيت غائبين.
3. Houses Without Residents | البيوت غير المسكونة
The next verse lifts the requirement for uninhabited buildings: there is no blame on you for entering houses not used as residences in which you have some use (An-Nur 24:29). Ibn Kathir explains that this is more specific than the verse before it: it permits entering, without permission, places where no one lives and in which one has goods or use, such as a guest house once permission has been given the first time. Inhabited houses, the subject of the answer, keep the rule of permission.
لَّيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتًا غَيْرَ مَسْكُونَةٍ فِيهَا مَتَاعٌ لَّكُمْ (سورة النور: 29)
قال تعالى: ليس عليكم جناح أن تدخلوا بيوتا غير مسكونة فيها متاع لكم (النور 24:29). قال ابن كثير: "هذه الآية الكريمة أخص من التي قبلها، وذلك أنها تقتضي جواز الدخول إلى البيوت التي ليس فيها أحد، إذا كان له فيها متاع، بغير إذن، كالبيت المعد للضيف، إذا أذن له فيه أول مرة، كفى". أما البيوت المسكونة، وهي موضوع الجواب، فيبقى فيها حكم الاستئذان.
Scholarly Insight: Ibn Abbas explained the isti'nas of An-Nur 24:27 as seeking permission, and the Prophet said that permission was ordained because of sight (Sahih al-Bukhari 6241), which is why the answer requires it even when the people of the house are absent (An-Nur 24:28). The following verse permits entering uninhabited places in which one has some use (An-Nur 24:29). Read more in the tafsir of Surah An-Nur.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
May I enter someone's house when no one is home?
No. The answer says permission is required whether the people of the house are present or absent: if you find no one there, do not enter until you are given permission (An-Nur 24:28).
What does until you seek familiarity mean in An-Nur 24:27?
Ibn Abbas explained it as seeking permission (Tafsir Ibn Kathir).
Why is permission required before entering?
The Prophet said: permission was ordained only because of sight (Sahih al-Bukhari 6241).
Are there buildings one may enter without permission?
Allah permits entering uninhabited buildings in which one has some use (An-Nur 24:29); inhabited houses keep the rule of permission.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →