Allah the Almighty says: (But We have made it a light, by which We guide whoever We will of Our servants. And you are truly leading ˹all˺ to the Straight Path) Ash-Shoura 42:52 What is the difference between the guidance of Allah Almighty and the guidance of the Prophet peace be upon him?
There are two types of guidance
1- The 1st type: The guidance of leading: which is manifested when Allah, Exalted and Sublime be He, has guided His creations to good and righteousness through sending the Messengers and revealing the Divine Books, as He the Almighty says to His Prophet PBUH: .( And you are truly leading ˹all˺ to the Straight Path)
This Type of guidance is meant for all creations. Needless to say, Allah the Almighty has given reason to man, so that he would be able to know with it good and evil. Allah the Almighty says:
(and shown them the two ways ˹of right and wrong˺?) [Al-Balad 90: 10]
(We already showed them the Way, whether they ˹choose to˺ be grateful or ungrateful.) [Al-Insan, 76: 3]
The 2nd type: The guidance that is accompanied with Allah’s Tawfeeq (the ability to achieve something successfully). It is when Allah the Almighty helps those who intend to be guided to obey Him. Allah the Almighty says:
(You surely cannot guide whoever you like ˹O Prophet˺, but it is Allah Who guides whoever He wills, and He knows best who are ˹fit to be˺ guided.) [Al-Qasas 28:56]
The first type of guidance is given by Allah to all creations, while the second type is based on Allah’s Wisdom; it is decided by the willingness of those who intend to be guided.
قال تعالى (وَلَٰكِن جَعَلْنَاهُ نُورًا نَّهْدِي بِهِ مَن نَّشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا ۚ وَإِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِي إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ ) ا ما الفرق بين هداية الله عز و جل ( نهدي به من نشاء) و هداية النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم (و إنك لتهدي)؟
: أولا : الهداية نوعان
النوع الأول هداية دلالة و إرشاد . أي أن الله عز و جل أرشد عباده للخير و الإصلاح عن طريق إرسال الرسل و إنزال الكتب كما قال لنبيه صلى الله عليه و سلم : (وَإِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِي إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ)
و هذه الهداية للخلق جميعا، و قد أودع فيهم العقل الذي يمكنهم من تمييز الخير من الشر به كقوله
(و هديناه النجدين )
البلد 90: 10
و قوله (إِنَّا هَدَيْنَاهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا شَاكِرًا وَإِمَّا كَفُورًا) الإنسان 76: 3
النوع الثاني: هداية توفيق: أي أنه سبحانه و تعالى يوفق من شاء من عباده إلى طاعته كما قال تعالى
(إِنَّكَ لَا تَهْدِي مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَن يَشَاءُ ۚ)
القصص 28: 56
فالنوع الأول من الهداية قد أعطاه الله للخلق جميعا.
أما النوع الثاني: فهو مرتبط بحكمته سبحانه و تعالى فهو يهدي من يشاء بحكمته و يضل من يشاء بحكمته