What Is the Difference Between Wudu (Ablution) and Tayammum?
ما هو الفرق بين الوضوء والتيمم؟
Ablution is one’s purification with water from minor impurity.
Tayammum is purification with earth (soil), from minor and major impurity in case of the inability to use water.
(O believers! When you rise up for prayer, wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows, wipe your heads, and wash your feet to the ankles.) [Al-Ma’idah 5:6]
(But if you are ill, on a journey, or have relieved yourselves, or been intimate with your wives and cannot find water, then purify yourselves with clean earth, wiping your faces and hands. And Allah is Ever-Pardoning, All-Forgiving.) [An-Nisa 4:43]
الوضوء هو طهارة بالماء من الحدث الأصغر.
التيمم طهارة بالتراب من الحدث الأصغر والأكبر في حال عدم القدرة على استعمال الماء.
(يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُوا بِرُءُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ) [المائدة 5: 6]
(وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرْضَىٰ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِّنكُم مِّنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَفُوًّا غَفُورًا) [النساء 4: 43]
1. Wudu: When You Rise Up for Prayer | إذا قمتم إلى الصلاة
O believers! When you rise up for prayer, wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows, wipe your heads, and wash your feet to the ankles (5:6). Ibn Kathir explains that many of the early scholars read “when you rise up for prayer” as: while you are in a state of minor impurity; others said the command is general, required of the one in minor impurity and recommended for the one already pure. The Prophet said: No prayer is accepted without purification (Sahih Muslim 224). The parts of wudu are explained in the essentials of wudu.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُوا بِرُءُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ (سورة المائدة: 6)
قال تعالى: (يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا قمتم إلى الصلاة فاغسلوا وجوهكم وأيديكم إلى المرافق وامسحوا برءوسكم وأرجلكم إلى الكعبين) (المائدة 5: 6)، قال ابن كثير: قال كثيرون من السلف: قوله: (إذا قمتم إلى الصلاة) معناه وأنتم محدثون، وقال آخرون: بل المعنى أعم من ذلك، فالآية آمرة بالوضوء عند القيام إلى الصلاة، ولكن هو في حق المحدث على سبيل الإيجاب، وفي حق المتطهر على سبيل الندب والاستحباب، وقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: "لا تقبل صلاة بغير طهور" (صحيح مسلم 224).
2. Tayammum: Clean Earth When There Is No Water | فتيمموا صعيدا طيبا
But if you are ill, on a journey, or have relieved yourselves, or been intimate with your wives and cannot find water, then purify yourselves with clean earth, wiping your faces and hands (4:43). Aishah relates that on a journey the people were held back searching for a necklace she had lost, with no water at hand, and Allah revealed the verse of tayammum, so they performed tayammum (Sahih al-Bukhari 334). The Prophet counted this among the favours given to him: The earth has been made for me a place of prayer and a means of purification, so wherever the time of prayer reaches a man of my community, let him pray (Sahih al-Bukhari 335).
وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرْضَىٰ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِّنكُم مِّنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ (سورة النساء: 43)
قال تعالى: (وإن كنتم مرضى أو على سفر أو جاء أحد منكم من الغائط أو لامستم النساء فلم تجدوا ماء فتيمموا صعيدا طيبا فامسحوا بوجوهكم وأيديكم) (النساء 4: 43)، وفي حديث عائشة رضي الله عنها لما انقطع عقدها في بعض الأسفار وليسوا على ماء: "فأنزل الله آية التيمم فتيمموا" (صحيح البخاري 334)، وقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: "وجعلت لي الأرض مسجدا وطهورا، فأيما رجل من أمتي أدركته الصلاة فليصل" (صحيح البخاري 335).
3. Tayammum for Major Impurity Too | عليك بالصعيد فإنه يكفيك
The scholar says tayammum lifts major impurity as well as minor. On a journey, a man kept apart from the prayer and said: I am in a state of janabah and there is no water; the Prophet said: Use clean earth, for it is enough for you (Sahih al-Bukhari 344). Ammar ibn Yasir, in the same state, had rolled himself in the dust and prayed; the Prophet told him: This would have been enough for you, and struck the earth with his palms, blew into them, and wiped his face and hands with them (Sahih al-Bukhari 338). Purifying from janabah when water is available is explained in whether a person in janabah can perform wudu and pray.
قال رجل للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: أصابتني جنابة ولا ماء، قال: "عليك بالصعيد، فإنه يكفيك" (صحيح البخاري 344)، وقال عمار بن ياسر: وأما أنا فتمعكت فصليت، فذكرت للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: "إنما كان يكفيك هكذا"، فضرب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بكفيه الأرض، ونفخ فيهما ثم مسح بهما وجهه وكفيه (صحيح البخاري 338).
4. When Water Is Found | فإذا وجد الماء فليمسه بشرته
Tayammum stands in for water only while water cannot be used, as the scholar says. The Prophet said: Clean earth is the purifier of the Muslim, even if he does not find water for ten years; but when he finds water, let him touch his skin with it, for that is better (Jami’ at-Tirmidhi 124, graded sahih by al-Albani); Ibn Kathir cites it under 4:43. Water in the Quran is explained in the kinds of water the Quran mentions.
قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: "إن الصعيد الطيب طهور المسلم وإن لم يجد الماء عشر سنين، فإذا وجد الماء فليمسه بشرته فإن ذلك خير" (جامع الترمذي 124، وصححه الألباني).
Scholarly Insight: The verse of wudu and tayammum ends: It is not Allah’s Will to burden you, but to purify you and complete His favour upon you, so perhaps you will be grateful (5:6); Ibn Kathir explains that this is why He made it easy and permitted tayammum in illness and when water is lacking, as a mercy, and that the gratitude asked for is for this ease and gentleness. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Ma’idah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What is the difference between wudu and tayammum?
Wudu is purification with water from minor impurity; tayammum is purification with clean earth, from minor and major impurity, when one is unable to use water.
When may a Muslim perform tayammum?
When unable to use water: when ill, on a journey, or when no water can be found (4:43).
Does tayammum count for janabah (major impurity)?
Yes. The Prophet told a man in janabah who had no water: Use clean earth, for it is enough for you (Sahih al-Bukhari 344).
How did the Prophet show tayammum?
He struck the earth with his palms, blew into them, and wiped his face and hands with them (Sahih al-Bukhari 338).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →