Why Was Yusuf Released From Prison, and What Events Led to His Great Position in Egypt?
لماذا خرج يوسف عليه السلام من السجن، وما الأحداث التي أفضت إلى منصبه الرفيع في مصر؟
First: It is known that when Yusuf, peace be upon him, interpreted for the two young men the dreams they had seen in prison, he asked the one he thought would be saved to mention his story to the king, since he was the king’s cupbearer, but the young cupbearer forgot to mention the story. Second: Some time after the young man left, while Yusuf remained in prison, Allah showed the king this strange dream, so that it would be the means by which the king learned of Yusuf and brought him out of prison, and the means of averting the economic crisis that was about to strike the kingdom of Egypt. Third: Allah the Almighty says, relating the king’s words, “I dreamt of seven fat cows eaten up by seven skinny ones.” The wonder is that cows do not eat cows, and reason would require the fat to eat the lean, yet what the king saw was the lean eating the fat, and this is a wonder. In the same dream he also saw “seven green ears of grain and ˹seven˺ others dry,” and this is a third wonder, since the number seven is repeated four times, so what he saw in his sleep must have an interpretation. Fourth: The king gathered his entourage and the people of judgment among his people and said to them with all courtesy, “O chiefs! Tell me the meaning of my dream if you can interpret dreams,” that is, if you are able to interpret dreams, interpret what I saw in my sleep. The chiefs were puzzled and could not find any meaning for it. “They replied, ‘These are confused visions,'” meaning dreams with no substance and no interpretation, because they interpret visions, not dreams, “and we do not know the interpretation of such dreams,” because dreams are from Satan or perhaps from one’s own thoughts, so we do not interpret them. Fifth: When the chiefs could not interpret the dream, one of the two young men, the king’s cupbearer, whom Yusuf had asked to mention his case to the king, remembered and said to the chiefs, “I will tell you its interpretation, so send me forth,” meaning to Yusuf, so that he could ask him about the dream and he would interpret it. They sent him, and Yusuf gave them the interpretation of that dream. Sixth: The young man came to the prison and addressed Yusuf, “O man of truth,” you whose truthfulness in word and deed has become clear, we have a new dream that we ask you to interpret: “seven fat cows eaten up by seven skinny ones; and seven green ears of grain and ˹seven˺ others dry, so that I may return to the people and let them know,” for they are eager for its interpretation, and it concerns them because it is the king’s dream. Seventh: Yusuf interpreted the seven fat cows and the seven green ears as seven fertile years, and the seven skinny cows and the seven dry ears as years of drought. Eighth: Yusuf, peace be upon him, combined the interpretation of the dream with an explanation of what had to be done to guard against the economic crisis and the famine that would sweep the region and the lands around it. He directed them to store up during the years of plenty, and the best storage is to leave the grain that is not needed in its ears, since that protects it best from spoiling, and in the seven years of hardship to use what had been gathered in the seven years of plenty. Then he gave them the good news of the year in which that crushing crisis would be relieved: “Then after that will come a year in which people will receive abundant rain and they will press ˹oil and wine˺,” that is, rain, floods and harvests will be plentiful and exceed their needs, so that they will press grapes and the fruits that are pressed for drinking, because the fruits and harvests exceed what they need. It is noticeable that the king’s dream contains no indication of that year, as it does for the years of drought; rather, it is part of the interpretation of events that Allah taught Yusuf, peace be upon him. Ninth: In the scene above, Yusuf’s kindness to the people of that land appears, even though they had wronged him: he interpreted the dream that warned of the economic crisis and set out effective solutions that would protect lives and provisions from loss and ruin, and at the same time he did not rebuke the man for forgetting him and for repaying Yusuf’s kindness to him and his companion, in interpreting their dreams, with neglect and abandonment. Tenth: When the messenger returned to the king and the people and told them Yusuf’s interpretation of the dream, they were amazed and overjoyed, which led the king to summon Yusuf and bring him out of prison, and he said, “Bring him to me.” Eleventh: When the messenger came to Yusuf ordering him to come before the king, he declined to hurry out until his complete innocence was made clear, because his imprisonment had been taken as proof that he was guilty, and he wanted everyone to see that he was innocent of what he had been accused of. So he said to the king’s messenger, “Go back to your master and ask him about the case of the women who cut their hands,” go back to the king and ask him about the affair of the women of the city and the wife of Al-Aziz, whose scheme was a great one, “Surely my Lord has ˹full˺ knowledge of their cunning.” Twelfth: Here the king holds a royal council to investigate the old incident. The king brought the women and asked them, “What did you get when you tried to seduce Joseph?”, that is, what was your affair when the attempt at seduction came from you, did you see anything suspicious from him? They declared him innocent: “They replied, ‘Allah forbid! We know nothing indecent about him,'” meaning that nothing bad, small or great, came from him, and this is enough to drop the charge against Yusuf and end his imprisonment, since it was unjust. As for the wife of Al-Aziz, she confirmed what the women said and made clear that the truth is that nothing bad came from Yusuf: “Now the truth has come to light. It was I who tried to seduce him, and he is surely truthful,” that is, the truth has become pure, clear and manifest: Yusuf was truthful when he said, “It was she who tried to seduce me,” and truthful when he said, “My Lord! I would rather be in jail,” for he preferred prison for a period of time over committing indecency. With this, Yusuf leaves prison for the king’s palace, and a new chapter of this unique story begins. “And ˹one day˺ the King said, ‘I dreamt of seven fat cows eaten up by seven skinny ones; and seven green ears of grain and ˹seven˺ others dry. O chiefs! Tell me the meaning of my dream if you can interpret dreams'” (Surah Yusuf 12:43).
أولا: من المعلوم أن يوسف عليه السلام لما عبّر للفتيين الرؤيَيَين اللتين رأياهما في السجن، أوصى الذي ظنه ناجيا أن يذكر قصته عند المَلِك، لأنه كان ساقيا للمَلِك، فنسي الفتى الساقي أن يذكر القصة. ثانيا: بعد مدة من خروج الفتى وبقاء يوسف في السجن أرى الله المَلِك هذه الرؤيا العجيبة، لتكون تلك الرؤيا سببا في معرفة المَلِك بخبر يوسف وإخراجه من السجن، ولتكون سببا في دفع الأزمة الاقتصادية التي ستعصف بالمملكة المصرية. ثالثا: قال الله تعالى على لسان المَلِك: إِنِّي أَرَىٰ سَبْعَ بَقَرَاتٍ سِمَانٍ يَأْكُلُهُنَّ سَبْعٌ عِجَافٌ، ووجه العجب أن البقر لا يأكل البقر، كما أن العقل يقتضي أن تأكل السمينة الهزيلة، ولكن الذي رآه المَلِك أن الهزيلة هي التي تأكل السمينة، وهذا من العجب. ورأى في الرؤيا نفسها أيضا سَبْعَ سُنبُلَاتٍ خُضْرٍ وَأُخَرَ يَابِسَاتٍ، وهذا عجب ثالث، إذ العدد سبعة تكرر أربع مرات، فلا بد أن يكون لهذا الذي رآه في منامه من تعبير. رابعا: جمع المَلِك حاشيته وذوي الرأي من قومه وقال لهم بكل أدب: يَا أَيُّهَا الْمَلَأُ أَفْتُونِي فِي رُؤْيَايَ إِن كُنتُمْ لِلرُّؤْيَا تَعْبُرُونَ، أي إن كان بإمكانكم تعبير الرؤى فعبّروا هذا الذي رأيته في منامي، فتحيّر الملأ ولم يعرفوا لها وجها، قَالُوا أَضْغَاثُ أَحْلَامٍ، أي أحلام لا حاصل لها وليس لها تأويل، لأنهم يعبّرون الرؤى وليسوا يعبّرون الأحلام، وَمَا نَحْنُ بِتَأْوِيلِ الْأَحْلَامِ بِعَالِمِينَ، لأن الأحلام من الشيطان أو ربما كانت من حديث النفس، فإنا لا نعبّرها. خامسا: حين عجز الملأ عن تأويل الرؤيا تذكّر أحد الفتيين، وهو ساقي المَلِك، الذي أوصاه يوسف بذكر خبره عند المَلِك، فقال للملأ: أَنَا أُنَبِّئُكُم بِتَأْوِيلِهِ فَأَرْسِلُونِ، أي إلى يوسف لأسأله عن تلك الرؤيا ليعبّرها، فأرسلوه، فأعطاهم يوسف تأويل تلك الرؤيا. سادسا: جاء الفتى إلى السجن مخاطبا يوسف: أَيُّهَا الصِّدِّيقُ، يا من ظهر صدقه في الأقوال والأفعال، عندنا رؤيا جديدة نطلب منك تعبيرها وهي: سَبْعِ بَقَرَاتٍ سِمَانٍ يَأْكُلُهُنَّ سَبْعٌ عِجَافٌ وَسَبْعِ سُنبُلَاتٍ خُضْرٍ وَأُخَرَ يَابِسَاتٍ لَّعَلِّي أَرْجِعُ إِلَى النَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ، فإنهم متشوقون لتعبيرها، وقد أهمّتهم لأنها رؤيا المَلِك. سابعا: عبّر يوسف السبع البقرات السمان والسبع السنبلات الخضر بأنهن سبع سنين مخصبات، والسبع البقرات العجاف والسبع السنبلات اليابسات بأنهن سنون مجدبات. ثامنا: جمع يوسف عليه السلام بين تعبير الرؤيا وبيان ما يتوجب فعله للوقاية من الأزمة الاقتصادية والمجاعة التي ستعصف بالمنطقة ومن حولها، فأرشدهم إلى الادخار في سنوات الرخاء، وأعظم الادخار أن يترك الزرع الذي لا يُحتاج إليه في السنابل لأن ذلك أحفظ له من التلف، وفي السبع العجاف تُستغل تلك التي جُمعت في سبع الرخاء. ثم بشّرهم بالعام الذي تنفرج فيه تلك الأزمة الطاحنة: ثُمَّ يَأْتِي مِن بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ عَامٌ فِيهِ يُغَاثُ النَّاسُ وَفِيهِ يَعْصِرُونَ، أي تكثر الأمطار والسيول والغلات، وتزيد على أقواتهم، حتى إنهم يعصرون العنب والثمار التي تعصر لتشرب، لما فيه من زيادة الثمار والغلات عن الحاجات. والملاحظ أن رؤيا المَلِك ليس فيها إشارة لذلك العام كما هو في سنوات الجدب، لكنه مما علّمه الله يوسف عليه السلام من تأويل الأحاديث. تاسعا: فيما تقدم من مشهد يظهر إحسان يوسف عليه السلام لأهل تلك البلاد مع أنهم ظلموه، فقد عبّر الرؤيا التي تنذر بالأزمة الاقتصادية ووضع لها الحلول الناجعة التي تؤدي إلى حفظ النفوس والأرزاق من التلف والإزهاق، وفي الوقت نفسه لم يعنّف الرجل لنسيانه ومقابلة إحسان يوسف له ولصاحبه بتأويل الرؤيا بالذهول والترك. عاشرا: لما رجع الرسول إلى المَلِك والناس وأخبرهم بتأويل يوسف للرؤيا، عجبوا من ذلك، وفرحوا بها أشد الفرح، مما حمل المَلِك على استدعاء يوسف وإخراجه من السجن فقال: ائْتُونِي بِهِ. حادي عشر: لما جاء الرسول إلى يوسف يأمر بحضوره عند المَلِك امتنع عن المبادرة إلى الخروج حتى تتبين براءته التامة، لأن سجنه كان للتدليل على أنه مذنب، فأراد أن يتبين الجميع براءته مما نسب إليه، فقال لرسول المَلِك: ارْجِعْ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ فَاسْأَلْهُ مَا بَالُ النِّسْوَةِ اللَّاتِي قَطَّعْنَ أَيْدِيَهُنَّ، أي ارجع إلى المَلِك فاسأله ما شأن نسوة المدينة وامرأة العزيز اللواتي كان من أمرهن كيد عظيم، إِنَّ رَبِّي بِكَيْدِهِنَّ عَلِيمٌ. ثاني عشر: هنا يعقد المَلِك مجلسا ملكيا للتحقيق في الحادثة القديمة، فأحضر المَلِك النسوة وسألهن: مَا خَطْبُكُنَّ إِذْ رَاوَدتُّنَّ يُوسُفَ عَن نَّفْسِهِ، ما شأنكن حين حدثت منكم المراودة، هل رأيتن منه ما يريب؟ فبرّأنه: قُلْنَ حَاشَ لِلَّـهِ مَا عَلِمْنَا عَلَيْهِ مِن سُوءٍ، أي لم يصدر منه لا قليل سوء ولا كثيره، وهذا كافٍ في إسقاط التهمة عن يوسف وإزالة السجن عنه لأنه بغير حق. أما امرأة العزيز فأقرّت بما قاله النسوة، وبيّنت أن الحق أن يوسف لم يكن منه ما يسوء: قَالَتِ امْرَأَتُ الْعَزِيزِ الْآنَ حَصْحَصَ الْحَقُّ أَنَا رَاوَدتُّهُ عَن نَّفْسِهِ وَإِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ، أي تمحّض وتبيّن وظهر الحق، فيوسف صادق فيما قال: هي راودتني عن نفسي، وصادق حين قال: رب السجن أحب إلي، فقد فضّل السجن مدة من الزمن على أن يقترف الفواحش، وبهذا يخرج يوسف من السجن إلى قصر المَلِك ليبدأ فصل جديد من تلك القصة الفريدة. قال الله تعالى: وَقَالَ الْمَلِكُ إِنِّي أَرَىٰ سَبْعَ بَقَرَاتٍ سِمَانٍ يَأْكُلُهُنَّ سَبْعٌ عِجَافٌ وَسَبْعَ سُنبُلَاتٍ خُضْرٍ وَأُخَرَ يَابِسَاتٍ ۖ يَا أَيُّهَا الْمَلَأُ أَفْتُونِي فِي رُؤْيَايَ إِن كُنتُمْ لِلرُّؤْيَا تَعْبُرُونَ ﴿٤٣﴾ (سورة يوسف: 43).
1. A Dream Only Yusuf Could Solve | رؤيا لم يعبّرها إلا يوسف عليه السلام
That an entire royal council of advisors failed where a single imprisoned man succeeded sets up one of the surah’s clearest reversals of worldly status. The very people with power and freedom could not solve what the prisoner solved instantly, foreshadowing the position Yusuf was about to be given.
عجز ملأ المَلِك جميعًا، وهم أهل الرأي، عما نجح فيه رجل واحد في السجن، وفي ذلك من أوضح ما في السورة من انقلاب موازين المكانة الدنيوية. فأصحاب السلطان والحرية لم يهتدوا إلى ما اهتدى إليه السجين من غير إبطاء، وفي هذا إرهاص بالمنزلة التي كان يوسف عليه السلام على وشك أن ينالها.
2. Interpretation Paired With a Plan, Not Left Abstract | تأويلٌ مقرون بخطة عمل
Yusuf did not stop at explaining what the dream meant; he immediately provided a detailed economic strategy, storing grain in its ears during the years of plenty to prevent loss, to actually prevent the disaster from causing famine. This combination of insight and practical administration is what later justified placing him in charge of Egypt’s storehouses.
لم يقف يوسف عليه السلام عند بيان معنى الرؤيا، بل قدّم من فوره تدبيرًا اقتصاديًّا مفصلًا: أن يُترك الزرع في سنبله في سنوات الرخاء حفظًا له من التلف، فلا تفضي الشدة إلى مجاعة. وهذا الجمع بين البصيرة وحسن الإدارة هو الذي سوّغ بعد ذلك أن يُجعل على خزائن مصر.
3. No Bitterness Toward the Man Who Forgot Him | لا عتاب لمن نسيه
Despite years of additional imprisonment caused directly by the cup-bearer’s forgetfulness, Yusuf answered his renewed request for help without reproach or hesitation. This restraint, help freely given to someone who had previously failed him, is held up by scholars as a preview of the far greater forgiveness Yusuf would later extend to his own brothers.
مع أن نسيان الساقي كان سببًا مباشرًا في بقاء يوسف عليه السلام في السجن سنين أخرى، أجابه حين جاءه يطلب عونه، دون عتاب ولا تردد. ويرى العلماء في كفّه عن العتاب، وبذله العون بلا مقابل لمن قصّر في حقه من قبل، تمهيدًا لعفوه الأعظم عن إخوته بعد ذلك.
4. Choosing Justice Over Immediate Freedom | إيثار العدل على الحرية العاجلة
When summoned directly by the king, an offer most prisoners would accept instantly, Yusuf instead sent the messenger back, insisting the case be reopened and the women questioned first. This decision, delaying his own release to secure the truth, is the same principle already explored regarding his refusal to leave prison, covered in Did Yusuf Ever Intend Any Act of Indecency With Al-Aziz’s Wife?
لما استدعاه المَلِك نفسه، وهو أمر يبادر إلى قبوله أكثر السجناء، ردّ يوسف عليه السلام الرسول، وأصرّ على أن يُعاد النظر في القضية وأن تُسأل النسوة أولًا. وتأخيره خروجه حتى يظهر الحق هو المبدأ نفسه الذي ظهر في رفضه الخروج من السجن، كما بيّنا في جواب: هل همّ يوسف عليه السلام بالفاحشة مع امرأة العزيز؟
Scholarly Insight: Al-Qurtubi, explaining Yusuf’s wording when requesting the royal inquiry (12:50), writes: “He avoided singling out the wife of Al-Aziz, out of consideration in their dealings and regard for the bond he owed Al-Aziz.” He adds: “He mentioned the women collectively so that the wife of Al-Aziz would be included through a general allusion, without being explicitly singled out. This was considerate conduct and good manners.” For that request, see Yusuf’s refusal to leave before the inquiry. Read the fuller context in the tafsir of Surah Yusuf.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What event led to Yusuf’s release from prison?
The king’s troubling dream, which no advisor could interpret until it reached Yusuf through the cup-bearer.
What did Yusuf’s interpretation of the dream mean?
Seven years of prosperity followed by seven years of drought, with a final year of relief and abundant rain.
Why did Yusuf refuse to leave prison immediately when the king summoned him?
He insisted his innocence be fully investigated and publicly confirmed first, rather than accepting release with doubt remaining.
How was his innocence finally confirmed?
The king questioned the women directly, and Al-Aziz’s wife herself admitted the truth had come to light and that she had been the one to try to seduce him.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →