What Did Sulaiman (PBUH) Do When He Found Out About a City Ruled by a Woman Who Prostrated to the Sun Instead of Allah?
ماذا فعل سليمان عليه السلام لما علم أن في سبأ قومٌ تحكمهم امرأةٌ و يعبدون الشمس من دون الله؟
He wrote a letter telling her to surrender herself and her people to him, and to not go to war with him.
(“Go with this letter of mine and deliver it to them, then stand aside and see how they will respond.” The Queen ˹later˺ announced, “O chiefs! Indeed, a noble letter has been delivered to me. It is from Solomon, and it reads: ‘In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful. Do not be arrogant with me, but come to me, fully submitting ˹to Allah˺.'”) An-Naml 27:28-31
(She reasoned, “Indeed, when kings invade a land, they ruin it and debase its nobles. They really do so! But I will certainly send him a gift, and see what ˹response˺ my envoys will return with.”) An-Naml 27:34-35
أرسل إليهم كتابًا يدعوهم للإسلام و الانضواء تحت ملكه و عدم محاربته.
(اذْهَب بِّكِتَابِي هَـٰذَا فَأَلْقِهْ إِلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ فَانظُرْ مَاذَا يَرْجِعُونَ قَالَتْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْمَلَأُ إِنِّي أُلْقِيَ إِلَيَّ كِتَابٌ كَرِيمٌ إِنَّهُ مِن سُلَيْمَانَ وَإِنَّهُ بِسْمِ اللَّـهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ أَلَّا تَعْلُوا عَلَيَّ وَأْتُونِي مُسْلِمِينَ) النمل 27: 28-31
(قَالَتْ إِنَّ الْمُلُوكَ إِذَا دَخَلُوا قَرْيَةً أَفْسَدُوهَا وَجَعَلُوا أَعِزَّةَ أَهْلِهَا أَذِلَّةً ۖ وَكَذَٰلِكَ يَفْعَلُونَ وَإِنِّي مُرْسِلَةٌ إِلَيْهِم بِهَدِيَّةٍ فَنَاظِرَةٌ بِمَ يَرْجِعُ الْمُرْسَلُونَ) النمل 27: 34-35
1. A Letter, Not an Immediate March to War | رسالة لا زحف فوري للحرب
Despite commanding armies of jinn, humans, and birds, and having just learned that a whole kingdom worshipped the sun instead of Allah, Sulaiman’s first move was a written message, not an invasion. This response builds directly on the hoopoe’s earlier report, showing that the report he received led first to an invitation, which was also his way of testing whether it was true (27:27-28).
رغم قيادته جيوشا من الجن والإنس والطير، وعلمه للتو بأن مملكة بأكملها تعبد الشمس بدلا من الله، كانت خطوة سليمان الأولى رسالة مكتوبة لا غزوا. وتبني هذه الاستجابة مباشرة على تقرير الهدهد السابق، مما يظهر أن الخبر الذي تلقاه أدى أولا إلى دعوة، كانت أيضا وسيلته للتثبت من صدقه (النمل 27: 27-28).
2. A Message Opening With Allah’s Name, Not Sulaiman’s Own | رسالة تبدأ باسم الله لا باسم سليمان
The letter itself opens with “In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful,” before it ever states its demand. This order is significant: Sulaiman frames the entire message around Allah first, presenting himself as a messenger of that call rather than a king issuing a personal ultimatum.
تفتتح الرسالة نفسها بـ”بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم” قبل أن تذكر مطلبها أصلا. ولهذا الترتيب دلالته: فسليمان يؤطر الرسالة بأكملها حول الله أولا، مقدما نفسه رسولا لتلك الدعوة لا ملكا يصدر إنذارا شخصيا.
3. A Call to Submission, Not a Demand for Tribute | دعوة للإسلام لا مطالبة بجزية
The letter’s actual content asks the queen not to be arrogant and to come “fully submitting,” language of surrender to Allah rather than a request for wealth, land, or political allegiance to Sulaiman personally. This distinguishes the letter’s aim from an ordinary conquest, its target was the queen’s and her people’s worship, the very sun-worship the hoopoe had reported.
يطلب مضمون الرسالة الفعلي من الملكة ألا تتكبر وأن تأتي “مسلمة”، وهي لغة استسلام لله لا مطالبة بمال أو أرض أو ولاء سياسي لسليمان شخصيا. وهذا يميز هدف الرسالة عن الغزو المعتاد، إذ كان هدفها عبادة الملكة وقومها، عبادة الشمس نفسها التي أبلغ عنها الهدهد.
4. Deliver, Then Withdraw and Observe | التسليم ثم الانسحاب والمراقبة
Sulaiman instructs the messenger bird to deliver the letter, then “stand aside and see how they will respond.” This detail matters: he does not stay to pressure an immediate answer, but deliberately withdraws to allow a genuine, unforced response, one the queen is then free to bring before her own council of chiefs.
يوجه سليمان الطائر الرسول أن يُلقي الرسالة، ثم “يتولى عنهم وينظر ماذا يرجعون”. ولهذا التفصيل أهميته: فهو لا يبقى ليضغط من أجل إجابة فورية، بل ينسحب عمدا ليتيح استجابة صادقة غير مُكرهة، تكون الملكة بعدها حرة في عرضها على مجلس أشرافها.
5. The Queen’s Own Caution, Answered by Sulaiman’s Restraint | حذر الملكة يقابله ضبط سليمان
Before deciding how to respond, the queen warns her council that invading kings typically ruin lands and debase their nobles, and chooses to send a gift first to test Sulaiman’s true intentions. Her wariness was ordinary political caution about how conquering kings behave, while Sulaiman’s letter had asked for submission to Allah, not for her land or wealth.
قبل أن تقرر كيفية الرد، تحذر الملكة مجلسها من أن الملوك الغزاة عادة ما يفسدون البلاد ويُذلون أشرافها، وتختار إرسال هدية أولا لاختبار نوايا سليمان الحقيقية. وكان حذرها حذرا سياسيا مألوفا من سلوك الملوك الغزاة، بينما كانت رسالة سليمان قد طلبت الإسلام لله، لا أرضها ولا مالها.
Scholarly Insight: Surah An-Naml 27:28-31 records Sulaiman’s letter calling the Queen of Sheba to submit to Allah, and 27:34-35 records her cautious decision to test his intentions with a gift before answering. Read the fuller context in the tafsir of Surah An-Naml.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What did Sulaiman do when he learned about the sun-worshipping city?
He wrote the queen a letter calling her and her people to submit to Allah, rather than going to war.
How did the letter begin?
With “In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful,” before stating its message.
What exactly did the letter ask of the queen?
Not to be arrogant, and to come to Sulaiman fully submitting to Allah.
What did Sulaiman tell the messenger to do after delivering the letter?
To withdraw from them and see how they would respond (27:28).
How did the queen initially respond?
With caution, warning her chiefs that invading kings typically ruin lands, and deciding to send a gift first to test Sulaiman’s true intentions.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →