What Is the Difference Between Equality and Justice?
ما الفرق بين العدالة والمساواة؟
What is the difference between equality and justice?
The answer distinguishes the two: equality is a value and a goal and means leveling only, while justice is a moral quality, broader than equality and governing it, that levels between similar things and differentiates between dissimilar ones; so Islam is a religion of justice, not of blind equality (Al-Ma'idah 5:8).
1. Nature and Scope
Equality is a value and a goal, and justice is an embedded moral quality. Equality is actually the goal that justice aims to achieve in specific scenarios. Furthermore, justice is much more inclusive than equality and acts as a primary controlling factor for it.
2. Settlement vs Differentiation
The main difference lies in application. Equality includes settlement and leveling only. Meanwhile, justice includes both settlement when appropriate and differentiation when required. Therefore, Islam is described as a religion of justice, not a religion of blind equality.
3. Similar vs Contradicting Matters
True fairness depends entirely on the context. Equality occurs for similar matters, and only then is justice truly achieved. But when equality happens between contradicting matters that are not similar, then it becomes inherently unfair and is no longer just.
The Quranic Command for Justice
The Islamic Sharia ordered absolute justice for all people, in every time and place. Allah Almighty says: (O believers! Stand firm for Allah and bear true testimony. Do not let the hatred of a people lead you to injustice. Be just! That is closer to righteousness. And be mindful of Allah. Surely Allah is All Aware of what you do.) Surah Al Maidah 5: 8.
ما الفرق بين العدالة والمساواة؟
يفرق الجواب بين الأمرين: المساواة قيمة وهدف، وتشتمل على التسوية فقط، أما العدل فخلق متأصل أشمل من المساواة وضابط لها، يسوي بين المتماثلات ويفرق بين المتفرقات، ولذلك فالإسلام دين عدل لا دين مساواة عمياء (المائدة 5:8).
الطبيعة والشمول
المساواة قيمة وهدف، أما العدالة فهي خلق متأصل. المساواة هي الهدف الذي ترمي إليه العدالة في حالات معينة. علاوة على ذلك، العدل أشمل من المساواة وهو ضابط حاكم لها.
التسوية والتفريق
يكمن الفرق الرئيسي في التطبيق. تشتمل المساواة على التسوية فقط، بينما يشمل العدل على التسوية والتفريق بحسب الحاجة. ولذلك، يوصف الإسلام بأنه دين عدل وليس دين مساواة عمياء.
المتماثلات والمتفرقات
يعتمد الإنصاف الحقيقي على السياق. فالمساواة تكون بين المتماثلات، وحين ذلك فقط يتحقق العدل. أما المساواة بين المتفرقات وهم غير المتساويين فهو ظلم وليس عدلا.
الأمر القرآني بالعدل
أمرت الشريعة الإسلامية بالعدل بين جميع الناس بشكل مطلق وفي كل زمان ومكان. قال الله تعالى: (يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ لِلَّهِ شُهَدَاءَ بِالْقِسْطِ ۖ وَلَا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ عَلَىٰ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا ۚ اعْدِلُوا هُوَ أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَىٰ ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ) المائدة 5: 8.
1. Shall We Treat the Muslims Like the Criminals? | أفنجعل المسلمين كالمجرمين
Allah says: Shall We then treat the Muslims like the criminals? What is wrong with you, how do you judge? (Al-Qalam 68:35-36). Ibn Kathir explains: shall We make these and those equal in recompense? Never. Equating two who are not alike would be the unjust judgment the verse rejects, which is the answer's point that equality between dissimilar things is not justice.
أَفَنَجْعَلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَالْمُجْرِمِينَ (سورة القلم: 35)
قال تعالى: أفنجعل المسلمين كالمجرمين ما لكم كيف تحكمون (القلم 68:35-36). قال ابن كثير: "أي: أفنساوي بين هؤلاء وهؤلاء في الجزاء؟ كلا". وهذا معنى قول الجواب إن المساواة بين المتفرقات ظلم وليست عدلا.
2. Be Just Among Your Children | اعدلوا بين أولادكم
Al-Nu'man ibn Bashir's father gave him a gift and came to the Prophet to have him witness it. The Prophet asked: Have you given the rest of your children the like of this? He said: No. The Prophet said: Fear Allah and be just among your children; so he went back and took his gift back (Sahih al-Bukhari 2587). Among those who are alike, such as one's children, equal treatment is justice.
أعطى بشير ابنه النعمان عطية فأتى النبي ﷺ ليشهده عليها، فقال: "أعطيت سائر ولدك مثل هذا"، قال: لا، قال: "فاتقوا الله، واعدلوا بين أولادكم"، فرجع فرد عطيته (صحيح البخاري 2587). فالتسوية بين المتماثلين، كالأولاد، هي العدل.
3. Not Equal, Except Those With an Excuse | غير أولي الضرر
While the Prophet was dictating to Zayd ibn Thabit the verse that ranks those who strive above those who sit back, Ibn Umm Maktum, who was blind, said: O Messenger of Allah, if I could strive, I would. Allah then revealed: except those with a disability (Sahih al-Bukhari 4592; An-Nisa 4:95). Justice distinguishes between people by their circumstances, as the answer says it includes differentiation where it is due.
لَّا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ (سورة النساء: 95)
لما كان رسول الله ﷺ يملي على زيد بن ثابت آية تفضيل المجاهدين على القاعدين، جاءه ابن أم مكتوم وكان أعمى فقال: "يا رسول الله، والله لو أستطيع الجهاد لجاهدت"، فأنزل الله: غير أولي الضرر (صحيح البخاري 4592). فالعدل يفرق بين الناس بحسب أحوالهم، كما قال الجواب إنه يشمل التفريق بحسب الحاجة.
Scholarly Insight: The answer's distinction, equality between similar things and differentiation between dissimilar ones, appears in the Quran: shall We treat the Muslims like the criminals? (Al-Qalam 68:35-36), and those who sit back are not equal to those who strive, except those with a disability (An-Nisa 4:95). Where people are alike, as children are, equal treatment is justice: fear Allah and be just among your children (Sahih al-Bukhari 2587). Read more in the tafsir of Surah An-Nisa.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
How is justice different from equality?
The answer explains that equality is leveling only, while justice levels between similar things and differentiates between dissimilar ones; justice is broader and governs equality.
Is Islam a religion of equality or of justice?
The answer describes Islam as a religion of justice, not of blind equality.
When is equal treatment required?
Between those who are alike; the Prophet said: fear Allah and be just among your children (Sahih al-Bukhari 2587).
Does the Quran treat different people the same?
No. Allah says: shall We treat the Muslims like the criminals? What is wrong with you, how do you judge? (Al-Qalam 68:35-36).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →