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- The Egyptian ruler Pharaoh was called “Al-Waleed Ibn Ar-Rayyan”, and he was a tyrant who claimed to be the lord of the worlds and the lord of the Egyptians. He became arrogant, oppressor and tyrannical. He intended to turn the people in Egypt into sects; some of whom are weakened and humiliated- they are the Children of Israel, while the other sects enjoyed their lives.
- The way they were weakened: He used to slaughter the sons of that sect at the time of their birth, and he used to keep the girls to grow up and become servants.
- The reason for slaughtering the male children was that his priests and politicians informed him that his kingdom would be threatened by the great number of the powerful Children of Israel in the country, so he reduced their number by slaughtering the male children among them and keeping the females children alive. (This policy is similar to birth control.)
Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated that Pharaoh and his companions mentioned the promise of Allah to His Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham), peace be upon him, that Allah would make kings among his offspring. Therefore, the Children of Israel thought that the king was Joseph, son of Jacob, and when he died, they said, “This is not the promise given to Ibrahim, peace be upon him.
Pharaoh said, “What do you think?” They agreed that he would send men with blades to go among the Children of Israel, and whenever they found a male child, they would slaughter him. They did so, and when they saw that the old men of the Children of Israel used to die at their appointed time, and the young ones were slaughtered, they said, “The children of Israel are about to perish, so keep some of them alive to serve you. Kill every newborn boy and leave their daughters every other year, so do not kill any of them the next year, so that those young would grow up and serve you on behalf of the old ones who died. In this case, they will never be more than you, because you kill their young one year and leave them alive the other year, and at the same time they will not perish.
So they agreed to commit this evil plot, and Moses’s mother became pregnant with Harun in the year in which boys were not supposed to be slaughtered, and she gave birth to him safely in public.
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- Allah the Almighty wanted to save the Children of Israel from that state of weakness and to save them of the rule of Pharaoh who oppressed and persecuted them. Also, Allah the Almighty intended to make them rule the country and handle its political affairs. The mother of Moses was the starting point in overthrowing that tyranny. She gave birth to her son who was supposed to be slaughtered by the blades of Pharaoh’s men, so she threw him into the sea to save him from being killed.
- This is a sign of Allah’s Ability and the Enforcement of His Command, for Pharaoh wanted to be saved from Moses – the boy who would destroy the kingdom of Pharaoh. Hence, his plots and power were useless in comparison with the Power of the Great Deity Whose Decree and Command can never be undone. His Command was enforced and His Will and Decree took place, so the destruction of Pharaoh was at the hands of that boy whom Pharaoh was afraid of.
This boy was divinely decreed to be brought up in the house of the man of whom he was terrified and who killed thousands of little male children souls because of him. He was decreed to be raised, fed in his house although his destruction and death would be in his house, so that he might realize that the Lord of the high heavens is the Irresistible, the One Who has the full power and control over all affairs, the Greatest, the Most Powerful, and the Mighty in strength and Severe in punishment. These facts are mentioned in Surat Al-Qasas. Allah the Almighty says, “We recite to you some of the news of Moses and Pharaoh in truth, for a people who believe. Verily, Pharaoh exalted himself in the land and made its people sects, weakening (oppressing) a group (i.e. Children of Israel) among them; killing their sons, and letting their females live. Verily, he was of those who commit great sins and crimes, oppressors, tyrant.” (Al-Qassas 28:3 -4)
(We inspired the mother of Moses: “Nurse him, but when you fear for him, put him then into the river, and do not fear or grieve. We will certainly return him to you, and make him one of the messengers.”) (Al-Qasas 28: 7)
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- إن فرعون الحاكم المصري المسمى بـ”الوليد بن الريان” كان طاغية يدعي أنه رب العالمين وإله المصريين، فطغى وتكبر وتسلط، وجعل أهل البلاد المصرية طوائف، بعضها مستضعف مهان ذليل-وهم بنو إسرائيل- وبعضهم ينعم بالخيرات.
- كيفية استضعافهم: كان بذبح أبناء تلك الطائفة ساعة ولادتهم، ويبقي البنات ليكبرن للخدمة.
- سبب ذبحه للأولاد أن كهانه وسياسييه أعلموه أن ملكه مهدد بوجود بني إسرائيل أقوياء كثر في البلاد فاستعمل طريقة تقليلهم والحد من كثرتهم بذبح الأولاد الذكور منهم وإبقاء الإناث منهم.
(سياسة تشبه تحديد النسل).
وروى ابن عباس-رضي الله عنه- أن فرعون وجلساؤه ذكروا وعد نبي الله الخليل إبراهيم -عليه السلام- أن الله سيجعل في ذريته ملوكا… وكانت بني إسرائيل تظن أنه يوسف بن يعقوب، فلما هلك قالوا: ليس هكذا كان وعد إبراهيم عليه السلام.
فقال فرعون: كيف ترون؟ فاتفقوا على أن يبعث رجالا معهم الشفار-جمع شفرة- يطوفون في بني إسرائيل، فلا يجدون مولودا ذكرا إلا ذبحوه، ففعلوا ذلك، فلما رأوا أن الكبار من بني إسرائيل يموتون بآجالهم، والصغار يذبحون، قالوا: ليوشكن أن تفنى بني إسرائيل، فتصيروا إلى أن تباشروا من الأعمال والخدمة التي يكفونكم، فاقتلوا عاما كل مولود ذكر واتركوا بناتهم، ودعوا عاما فلا تقتلوا منهم أحدا، فيشب الصغار مكان من يموت من الكبار، فإنهم لن يكونوا أكثر منكم وأنتم تقتلون صغارهم عاما وتتركونهم عامًا، كما أنهم لن يفنوا.
فاتفقوا على هذه الحيلة الشيطانية، وحملت أم موسى بهارون في العام الذي لا يذبح فيه الغلمان، فولدته علانية آمنة، فلما كان من قابل حملت بموسى عليه السلام فوقع في قلبها الهم والحزن.
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- أراد الله أن يخلص بني إسرائيل من هذه الحالة من الاستضعاف وأن يخلصهم من حكم فرعون الذي ظلمهم واضطهادهم، ونجعل لهم حكم البلاد وأمر سياستها، فكانت أم موسى هي نقطة الانطلاقة في إسقاط ذلك الطغيان، فحيث أنها ولدت ابنها وكان عرضة لشفار-جمع شفرة- فرعون فألقته في اليم هربا من أن يقتل.
- وفي ذلك علامة على قدرة الله وإنفاذه لأمره-جل وعلا- فإن فرعون أراد أن ينجو من موسى-الغلام الذي يكون هلاك مملكته على يديه-، فما نفعه تدبيره وقدرته مع قدرة الإله العظيم الذي لا يخالف أمره ولا يغلب، بل نفذ حكمه -جل جلاله- ووقع قضاؤه وقدره أن يكون هلاك فرعون على يد ذلك الغلام الذي كان يحذره.
بل يكون هذا الغلام الذي احترز من وجوده وقتل ألوفًا من النفوس بسببه، إنما منشؤه ومرباه على فراش فرعون، وفي داره، ويتغذى من طعامه، وهو يربي ويدلِل ذلك الغلام، وموتك وهلاكك وهلاك جنودك على يديه، لتعلم أن رب السماوات العلا هو القاهر الغالب العظيم، القوي العزيز الشديد المحال الذي ما شاء كان وما لم يشأ لم يكن. وهذا الذي أشارت إليه صدر الآيات في سورة القصص.
قال الله تعالى: “نَتْلُو عَلَيْكَ مِنْ نَبَأِ مُوسَى وَفِرْعَوْنَ بِالْحَقِّ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ. إِنَّ فِرْعَوْنَ عَلا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَجَعَلَ أَهْلَهَا شِيَعاً يَسْتَضْعِفُ طَائِفَةً مِنْهُمْ يُذَبِّحُ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيِي نِسَاءَهُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ. وَنُرِيدُ أَنْ نَمُنَّ عَلَى الَّذِينَ اسْتُضْعِفُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَنَجْعَلَهُمْ أَئِمَّةً وَنَجْعَلَهُمُ الْوَارِثِينَ. وَنُمَكِّنَ لَهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَنُرِيَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَهَامَانَ وَجُنُودَهُمَا مِنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَحْذَرُونَ” (القصص 28: 3 )
(وَأَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَىٰ أُمِّ مُوسَىٰ أَنْ أَرْضِعِيهِ فَإِذَا خِفْتِ عَلَيْهِ فَأَلْقِيهِ فِي ٱليَمِّ وَلاَ تَخَافِي وَلاَ تَحْزَنِيۤ إِنَّا رَآدُّوهُ إِلَيْكِ وَجَاعِلُوهُ مِنَ ٱلْمُرْسَلِين) (القصص28 : 7)