The orphan is given his money to deal with freely on two conditions:
- When he reaches puberty
- Maturity: When he acts rationally when it comes to dealing with his money so that he does not enter in a business transaction that causes a big loss in his money, nor does he spend it on forbidden things. His rationality is realized by testing him frequently.
According to Shari’ah rulings, the orphan is given his money if he/ she reaches puberty. There is another condition for the orphan to be given his money, which is maturity. If he reaches puberty, but he is not mature enough to deal with his money properly, his money will not be given to him.
(Do not entrust the incapable ˹among your dependants˺ with your wealth which Allah has made a means of support for you—but feed and clothe them from it, and speak to them kindly. Test ˹the competence of˺ the orphans until they reach a marriageable age. Then if you feel they are capable of sound judgment, return their wealth to them. And do not consume it wastefully and hastily before they grow up ˹to demand it˺. If the guardian is well-off, they should not take compensation; but if the guardian is poor, let them take a reasonable provision. When you give orphans back their property, call in witnesses. And sufficient is Allah as a ˹vigilant˺ Reckoner.) An-Nisa’a 4: 5-6
يسلم اليتيم ماله بشرطين
البلوغ
الرشد بأن يحسن التصرف في المال فلا يغبن غبنا كثيرا (أي لا يبيع بخسارة كبيرة) و لا ينفقه في حرام. و يعرف ذلك بأن يختبر مرارا
الشرع اوصي ان يسلم اليتيم ماله اذا بلغ الحلم أو بلغت الطفلة المحيض، وهناك شرط آخر لتسليم اليتيم ماله، وهو الرشد والنضوج، فإن بلغ اليتيم حد البلوغ لكنه لم يكن راشدا ناضجا، لا يعرف كيف يدبر ماله علي الوجه الصحيح، فإنه لا يسلم ماله.
. وَلَا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاءَ أَمْوَالَكُمُ الَّتِي جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ قِيَامًا وَارْزُقُوهُمْ فِيهَا وَاكْسُوهُمْ وَقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَّعْرُوفًا ﴿ وَابْتَلُوا الْيَتَامَىٰ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغُوا النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُم مِّنْهُمْ رُشْدًا فَادْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ ۖ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوهَا إِسْرَافًا وَبِدَارًا أَن يَكْبَرُوا ۚ وَمَن كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ ۖ وَمَن كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۚ فَإِذَا دَفَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَأَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ حَسِيبًا ﴿
النساء 4: 5-6