Almighty Allah tells us about it in Surah Noah, and this can be detailed as follows:
First: He enticed them with what Allah has prepared for them in the Hereafter, so he said: If you respond to what I call you to, your sins will be forgiven, and your lives will be prolonged, and therefore you will not be punished; because “Allah’s fate” that is, the torment, is not delayed to those who deserve it. If you knew that, you would return to your Lord, and you would ask Him for forgiveness.
(worship Allah ˹alone˺, fear Him, and obey me. He will forgive your sins and delay your end until the appointed time.1 Indeed, when the time set by Allah comes, it cannot be delayed, if only you knew!”) Nuh 71: 3-4
Second: Noah’s methods varied in his call; so, at times he would preach secretly and other times he would do so publicly and openly in front of all people.
(Then I certainly called them openly, then I surely preached to them publicly and privately,) Nuh 71: 8-9
Third: He urged them to seek the good that Allah has, if only they return to their Lord and ask His forgiveness. And he told them that repentance is a source of livelihood, for it brings rain and benevolence, the earth will flourish with its plants, and Allah blesses its gardens.
(So I said, ‘Seek your Lord’s forgiveness, ˹for˺ He is truly Most Forgiving. He will shower you with abundant rain, supply you with wealth and children, and give you gardens as well as rivers.) Nuh 71: 1-12
Fourth: Disapproving of their actions, their recklessness, and their lack of fear of their Lord, he asked them,: ‘What is the matter with you that you are not in awe of the Majesty of Allah,’ , i.e., whatever is wrong with you and what has made you not glorify Allah for His greatness, i.e. and you are not afraid of His Wrath and revenge, ‘when He truly created you in stages ˹of development˺, i.e., He created you from a sperm, then from a clinging-clot, then from a lump of flesh, then a child and then that child grew up to become a hearing and insightful man.
Fifth: Noah pbuh turned to the heavens above and the great signs in them; the creation of the heavens, the sun and the moon, and the earth upon which they are walking, and that all belongs to Allah Almighty who created them, and He is able to easily destroy them, and therefore he reminded them of their destiny.
(What is the matter with you that you are not in awe of the Majesty of Allah, when He truly created you in stages ˹of development˺? Do you not see how Allah created seven heavens, one above the other, placing the moon within them as a ˹reflected˺ light, and the sun as a ˹radiant˺ lamp? Allah ˹alone˺ caused you to grow from the earth like a plant. Then He will return you to it, and then simply bring you forth ˹again˺. And Allah ˹alone˺ spread out the earth for you) Nuh 74: 13-19
أخبر الله عن ذلك في سورة نوح، ويمكن تفصيل ذلك على النحو التالي
أولاً: رغبهم فيما عند الله في الدار الآخرة، فقال لهم إن استجبتم لما دعوتكم إليه تغفر ذنوبكم، ويمد في أعماركم فلا يعاجلكم بالعقوبة، لأن “أَجَلَ اللهِ” أي بنزول العذاب لا يؤخر عن مستحقيه.
فلو علمتم ذلك لأنبتم إلى ربكم فتبتم إليه واستغفرتموه.
(“أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاتَّقُوهُ وَأَطِيعُونِ (٣) يَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُؤَخِّرْكُمْ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى إِنَّ أَجَلَ اللَّهِ إِذَا جَاءَ لَا يُؤَخَّرُ لَوْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ”)
نوح 71: 3
ثانيًا: تنوعت الأساليب التي اتخذها نوح في دعوته فتارة دعوة بالإسرار وتارة دعوة بالجهر والإعلان أمام الناس.
“ثُمَّ إِنِّي دَعَوْتُهُمْ جِهَارًا (٨) ثُمَّ إِنِّي أَعْلَنْتُ لَهُمْ وَأَسْرَرْتُ لَهُمْ إِسْرَارًا (٩)”
ثالثًا: رغبهم فيما عند الله من الخير إن هم رجعوا إلى ربهم واستغفروه، فأخبرهم أن الاستغفار مصدر من مصادر الرزق، فهو يأتي بالأمطار والخيرات وبه تشرق الأرض بنباتها ويبارك الله في جناتها.
“فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا(10) يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا (١١) وَيُمْدِدْكُمْ بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ أَنْهَارًا(١٢)”
رابعًا : سألهم سؤال المنكر لأفعالهم ولاستهتارهم وعدم خوفهم من ربهم: “مَا لَكُمْ لا تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَاراً“، أي ما دهاكم أي شيء جعلكم لا تعظمون الله حق عظمته، أي لا تخافون من بأسه ونقمته، “وقد خلقكم أطوارًا” أي: خلقكم من نطفة، ثم من علقة، ثم من مضغة، ثم أُخرِجَ الإنسانُ طفلاً ثم كبر ذلك الإنسان حتى غدا رجلًا سميعًا بصيرًا.
خامسًا : التفت نوح إلى السماوات العلا وما فيها من الآيات العظيمة، من خلق السموات والشمس والقمر، والأرض التي يسيرون عليها وأنها ملك لله عز وجل وأن الذي أوجدها قادر على إفنائها، ولذا ذكرهم بالمصير الذي يصيرون إليه.
“مَا لَكُمْ لَا تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَارًا (١٣) وَقَدْ خَلَقَكُمْ أَطْوَارًا (١٤) أَلَمْ تَرَوْا كَيْفَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ طِبَاقًا (١٥) وَجَعَلَ الْقَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ نُورًا وَجَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ سِرَاجًا (١٦) وَاللَّهُ أَنْبَتَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ نَبَاتًا (١٧) ثُمَّ يُعِيدُكُمْ فِيهَا وَيُخْرِجُكُمْ إِخْرَاجًا (١٨) وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ بِسَاطًا (١٩) لِتَسْلُكُوا مِنْهَا سُبُلًا فِجَاجًا” نوح 74: 13-19